scholarly journals Enabling Production of Algal Biofuels by Techno-Economic Optimization of Co-Product Suites

2022 ◽  
Vol 3 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jacob S. Kruger ◽  
Matthew Wiatrowski ◽  
Ryan E. Davis ◽  
Tao Dong ◽  
Eric P. Knoshaug ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Algal Biomass ◽  
Process Models ◽  
Production Costs ◽  
Biomass Composition ◽  
Optimization Approach ◽  
Selling Price ◽  
Scale Production ◽  
Economic Optimization ◽  
Fuel Production ◽  
Algal Biofuels

Recent techno-economic analysis (TEA) has underscored that for algal biofuels to be cost competitive with petroleum fuels, co-products are necessary to offset the cost of fuel production. The co-product suite must scale with fuel production while also maximizing value from the non-fuel precursor components. The co-product suite also depends on algal biomass composition, which is highly dynamic and depends on environmental conditions during cultivation. Intentional shifts in composition during cultivation are often associated with reduced biomass productivity, which can increase feedstock production costs for the algae-based biorefinery. The optimal algae-based biorefinery configuration is thus a function of many factors. We have found that comprehensive TEA, which requires the construction of process models with detailed mass and energy balances, along with a complete accounting of capital and operating expenditures for a commercial-scale production facility, provides invaluable insight into the viability of a proposed biorefinery configuration. This insight is reflected in improved viability for one biorefining approach that we have developed over the last 10 years, namely, the Combined Algal Processing (CAP) approach. This approach fractionates algal biomass into carbohydrate-, lipid-, and protein-rich fractions, and tailors upgrading chemistry to the composition of each fraction. In particular, transitioning from valorization of only the lipids to a co-product suite from multiple components of high-carbohydrate algal biomass can reduce the minimum fuel selling price (MFSP) from more than $8/gallon of gasoline equivalent (GGE) to $2.50/GGE. This paper summarizes that progress and discusses several surprising implications in this optimization approach.

scholarly journals Techno-Economic Analysis of a Hyaluronic Acid Production Process Utilizing Streptococcal Fermentation

Processes ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 241
Author(s):  
Rafael G. Ferreira ◽  
Adriano R. Azzoni ◽  
Maria Helena Andrade Santana ◽  
Demetri Petrides
Keyword(s):  
Hyaluronic Acid ◽  
Economic Analysis ◽  
Lower Cost ◽  
Value Added ◽  
Production Costs ◽  
Selling Price ◽  
Baseline Scenario ◽  
Adhesive Properties ◽  
Fed Batch Culture ◽  
Economic Analyses

Hyaluronic acid (HA) is a polysaccharide of alternating d-glucuronic acid and N-acetyl-d-glucosamine residues present in the extracellular matrix of connective, epithelial, and nervous tissues. Due to its singular hydrating, rheological and adhesive properties, HA has found numerous cosmetic and medical applications. However, techno-economic analyses of high value-added bioproducts such as HA are scarce in the literature. Here, we present a techno-economic analysis of a process for producing HA using Streptococcus zooepidemicus, simulated in SuperPro Designer. In the baseline scenario, HA is produced by batch fermentation, reaching 2.5 g/L after 24 h. It is then centrifuged, diafiltered, treated with activated carbon and precipitated with isopropanol. The product is suitable for topical formulations and its production cost was estimated as 1115 $/kg. A similar scenario, based on fed-batch culture and assuming a titer of 5.0 g/L, led to a lower cost of 946 $/kg. Moreover, in two additional scenarios, 10% of the precipitated HA is diverted to the production of a highly pure and high-molecular weight HA, suitable for injectable applications. These scenarios resulted in higher capital and operating costs, but also in higher profits, because HA for injectable use has a higher selling price that more than compensates for its higher production costs.

Liquid fuel production via supercritical water gasification of algae: a role for solar heat integration?

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mahesh Brahmadesham Venkataraman ◽  
Alireza Rahbari ◽  
Philip J van Eyk ◽  
Alan W. Weimer ◽  
Wojciech Lipiński ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Supercritical Water ◽  
Growth Rates ◽  
Algal Biomass ◽  
Liquid Fuel ◽  
Arable Land ◽  
High Growth ◽  
Heat Integration ◽  
Fuel Production ◽  
Supercritical Water Gasification ◽  
Artificial Ponds

Algal biomass is an attractive feedstock for carbon-neutral fuel production due to high growth rates and its potential to be farmed in artificial ponds on non-arable land. Supercritical water gasification...

scholarly journals Bioreactor Operating Strategies for Improved Polyhydroxyalkanoate (PHA) Productivity

Polymers ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 10 (11) ◽  
pp. 1197 ◽  
Author(s):  
Warren Blunt ◽  
David Levin ◽  
Nazim Cicek
Keyword(s):  
Production Costs ◽  
Scale Production ◽  
Fed Batch ◽  
Continuous Bioreactor ◽  
Carbon Substrates ◽  
Pure Cultures ◽  
High Production ◽  
Operating Strategies ◽  
Major Factors ◽  
Industrial Scale Production

Microbial polyhydroxyalkanoates (PHAs) are promising biodegradable polymers that may alleviate some of the environmental burden of petroleum-derived polymers. The requirements for carbon substrates and energy for bioreactor operations are major factors contributing to the high production costs and environmental impact of PHAs. Improving the process productivity is an important aspect of cost reduction, which has been attempted using a variety of fed-batch, continuous, and semi-continuous bioreactor systems, with variable results. The purpose of this review is to summarize the bioreactor operations targeting high PHA productivity using pure cultures. The highest volumetric PHA productivity was reported more than 20 years ago for poly(3-hydroxybutryate) (PHB) production from sucrose (5.1 g L−1 h−1). In the time since, similar results have not been achieved on a scale of more than 100 L. More recently, a number fed-batch and semi-continuous (cyclic) bioreactor operation strategies have reported reasonably high productivities (1 g L−1 h−1 to 2 g L−1 h−1) under more realistic conditions for pilot or industrial-scale production, including the utilization of lower-cost waste carbon substrates and atmospheric air as the aeration medium, as well as cultivation under non-sterile conditions. Little development has occurred in the area of fully continuously fed bioreactor systems over the last eight years.

Strain, biochemistry, and cultivation-dependent measurement variability of algal biomass composition

2014 ◽  
Vol 452 ◽  
pp. 86-95 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lieve M.L. Laurens ◽  
Stefanie Van Wychen ◽  
Jordan P. McAllister ◽  
Sarah Arrowsmith ◽  
Thomas A. Dempster ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Algal Biomass ◽  
Biomass Composition ◽  
Measurement Variability ◽  
Dependent Measurement

scholarly journals ANALISIS STUKTUR, KINERJA, DAN PERILAKU INDUSTRI ROKOK KRETEK DAN ROKOK PUTIH DI INDONESIA PERIODE 1991-2008

2013 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 59
Author(s):  
Gustyanita Pratiwi ◽  
Lukytawati Anggraeni
Keyword(s):  
Government Regulation ◽  
Manufacturing Industry ◽  
Variable Number ◽  
Least Square ◽  
Production Costs ◽  
Significant Variable ◽  
Selling Price ◽  
Barriers To Entry ◽  
Average Value ◽  
Cigarette Industry

<em>Tobacco industry is one of important manufacturing industry in Indonesia. There are several changes in structure, performance, and behavior of this industry during 1991-2008. This study aim is to analyze the differences between clove cigarette and white cigarette industries with SCP method. Analysis of industrial structure with CR4 index and barriers to entry. Industry performance is measured by Price Cost Margin (PCM) approach. Factors that affect the performance itself are analyzed by the Ordinary Least Square (OLS) method. The results of structural analysis show that the level of industry concentration of clove cigarettes went from tight oligopoly (84.29 percent) to medium oligopoly (52.65 percent) during research period. In contrast, white cigarette industry remained in tight oligopoly level with an average value of CR4 about 94.33 percent. The average value of MES which reflects the barrier to entry in white cigarette industries is higher (95.17 percent) than in cigarette industries (72.85 percent). Regression analysis on a clove cigarette industry indicates that the variable X-eff and growth are significantly positive, whereas a variable number of firms significantly negative effect on PCM. In white cigarette industry, a significant variable to the PCM is the X-eff  (0.366799). The analysis of behavior between the two industries cannot be separated from government regulation, especially in setting of the selling price. Promotion, although it increasing production costs, remains to be important strategy to maintain the industry market share.</em>

Research of Complex Plate-Type Cam Processing Based on MasterCAM

2011 ◽  
Vol 421 ◽  
pp. 625-629
Author(s):  
Ling Liu ◽  
Li Zhang
Keyword(s):  
Tool Path ◽  
High Efficiency ◽  
Parametric Design ◽  
Automatic Generation ◽  
Control Device ◽  
Cnc Machining ◽  
Production Costs ◽  
Scale Production ◽  
Plate Type ◽  
Lower Production

Because of cam transmited the specificity of force and motion,they are widely used in various machinery campaigns equipment and automatic control device in order to implement the movement of all kinds laws.This article introduced the research status and prospect of plate-type cam.MasterCAM served as a platform,to use their CAD capabilities and a mathematic analytic method to complete the parametric design of non-circular cam curve.Using the solid modeling completed the modeling function of cam.Using CAM functions of MasterCAM completed automatic generation of tool path,virtual simulation process and automatic generation of NC code.The design of the cam and CNC machining,high efficiency,sophisticated features that will help improve the manufacture of the cam quality,shorten product development cycles,lower production costs has a significant role for the formation of industrial scale production has great significance.

An Agent Based Optimization Approach to Manufacturing Process Planning

2001 ◽  
Author(s):  
Saurabh Deshpande ◽  
Jonathan Cagan
Keyword(s):  
Stochastic Optimization ◽  
Process Planning ◽  
Manufacturing Process ◽  
Optimization Problems ◽  
Search Space ◽  
Optimization Techniques ◽  
Process Models ◽  
Optimization Approach ◽  
Agent Based ◽  
Manufacturing Process Planning

Abstract Many optimization problems, such as manufacturing process planning optimization, are difficult problems due to the large number of potential configurations (process sequences) and associated (process) parameters. In addition, the search space is highly discontinuous and multi-modal. This paper introduces an agent based optimization algorithm that combines stochastic optimization techniques with knowledge based search. The motivation is that such a merging takes advantage of the benefits of stochastic optimization and accelerates the search process using domain knowledge. The result of applying this algorithm to computerized manufacturing process models is presented.

A Techno-Economic Optimization of the Power Conversion System of a Very High Temperature Reactor

2006 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christine Mansilla ◽  
Michel Dumas ◽  
Franc¸ois Werkoff
Keyword(s):  
High Temperature ◽  
Power Conversion ◽  
Minimum Cost ◽  
Production Costs ◽  
Total Production ◽  
Economic Optimization ◽  
Very High Temperature Reactor ◽  
Conversion System ◽  
High Temperature Reactor ◽  
Very High

Generation IV nuclear reactors will not be implemented unless they enable lower production costs than with the current systems. In such a context a techno-economic optimization method was developed and then applied to the power conversion system of a very high temperature reactor. Techno-economic optimization consists in minimizing an objective function that depends on technical variables and economic ones. The advantage of the techno-economic optimization is that it can take into account both investment costs and operating costs. A techno-economic model was implemented in a specific optimization software named Vizir, which is based on genetic algorithms. The calculation of the thermodynamic cycle is performed by a software named Tugaz. The results are the values of the decision variables that lead to a minimum cost, according to the model. The total production cost is evaluated. The influence of the various variables and constraints is also pointed out.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document