scholarly journals Assessing the commercialization potential of algal jet fuel using a lifecycle assessment approach

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hossain Seraj
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Price ◽  
Jet Fuel ◽  
Food Prices ◽  
Great Promise ◽  
Energy Prices ◽  
Commercial Activity ◽  
Transportation Fuel ◽  
Lifecycle Assessment ◽  
Algal Biofuels ◽  
Assessment Approach

Farming algae for chemicals, pigments, neutraceutical and even fuel is not a novel idea. What is new however is recent volatility in energy prices coupled with heightened global sensitivity to food prices - partly instigated by the massive proliferation of food-based biofuels - that has brought algal biofuels to the forefront of energy research and commercial activity. Algal biofuels offer great promise in providing a sustainably-sourced, carbon-neutral option that can meet a significant portion, if not all, of the global transportation fuel needs in the coming decades. For a sector such as aviation, which has no other short-term practical alternative to fossil fuel liquids fuels, algal jet fuel offers a massive opportunity that if captured, can provide fuel cost and supply stability as well as a critical avenue to actively manage its growing GHG footprint. However, being a nascent technology, the fuel pathway innovation will rely on heavy and continuous investment to accelerate its development. This study assesses whether a carbon price framework can enhance the commercialization potential of algal jet fuel by way of mobilizing investment into the technology, and if not, what requisite improvements in technology and policy accommodations need to be made in order to allow algal jet fuel to be competitively produced.

scholarly journals Assessing the commercialization potential of algal jet fuel using a lifecycle assessment approach

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hossain Seraj
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Price ◽  
Jet Fuel ◽  
Food Prices ◽  
Great Promise ◽  
Energy Prices ◽  
Commercial Activity ◽  
Transportation Fuel ◽  
Lifecycle Assessment ◽  
Algal Biofuels ◽  
Assessment Approach

Farming algae for chemicals, pigments, neutraceutical and even fuel is not a novel idea. What is new however is recent volatility in energy prices coupled with heightened global sensitivity to food prices - partly instigated by the massive proliferation of food-based biofuels - that has brought algal biofuels to the forefront of energy research and commercial activity. Algal biofuels offer great promise in providing a sustainably-sourced, carbon-neutral option that can meet a significant portion, if not all, of the global transportation fuel needs in the coming decades. For a sector such as aviation, which has no other short-term practical alternative to fossil fuel liquids fuels, algal jet fuel offers a massive opportunity that if captured, can provide fuel cost and supply stability as well as a critical avenue to actively manage its growing GHG footprint. However, being a nascent technology, the fuel pathway innovation will rely on heavy and continuous investment to accelerate its development. This study assesses whether a carbon price framework can enhance the commercialization potential of algal jet fuel by way of mobilizing investment into the technology, and if not, what requisite improvements in technology and policy accommodations need to be made in order to allow algal jet fuel to be competitively produced.

Carbon Price Drivers

2013 ◽  
Vol 4 (4) ◽  
pp. 1-7 ◽  
Author(s):  
Julien Chevallier
Keyword(s):  
European Union ◽  
Carbon Price ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Energy Prices ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Academic Literature ◽  
Weather Events ◽  
Emissions Trading Scheme ◽  
Trading Scheme ◽  
Market Shocks

Since the creation of the European Union Emissions Trading Scheme (EU ETS) in 2005, a burgeoning academic literature has emerged to identify the factors that shape the price of carbon, where one European Union Allowance is equal to one ton of CO2-equivalent emitted in the atmosphere. Thus, there is a need for an updated and thorough literature review on the state-of-the-art on topic that this paper aims to fulfill. Namely, the author considers the main econometric studies that have been recently published in the academic literature, which feature the influence of the following determinants to explain the variation of the price of carbon: institutional decisions; energy prices and weather events; macroeconomic and financial market shocks. The paper concludes with some directions for future research in this area.

scholarly journals Information Linkage between Carbon and Energy Markets: Multiplex Recurrence Network Approach

Complexity ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 2020 ◽  
pp. 1-12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hua Xu ◽  
Minggang Wang ◽  
Weiguo Yang
Keyword(s):  
Time Delay ◽  
Natural Gas ◽  
Carbon Price ◽  
Energy Markets ◽  
Carbon Markets ◽  
Energy Prices ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Linkage Relationship ◽  
Leading Role ◽  
Carbon Prices

In this paper, a multilayer recurrence network is introduced to examine the information linkage between carbon and energy markets. We first construct a multilayer recurrence network of energy and carbon markets, and we define the information linkage coefficient to measure the linkage relationship between the network layers based on the network microstructure. To measure the mutual leading relationship between carbon and energy markets, we construct a time-delay multilayer recurrence network and introduce the time-delay information linkage coefficient to measure the intersystem interaction. The carbon and energy prices, including West Texas Intermediate crude oil, coal, natural gas, and gasoline, from February 22, 2011, to April 1, 2019, are selected as sample data for empirical analysis. The results show that the linkage relationship between oil, coal, natural gas, and carbon prices presents a U-shaped trend in the second, transitional, and third phases of the European Union carbon market, while the linkage trend of gasoline and carbon prices continues to rise. The mutual leading relationship between energy and carbon prices changes in different stages, and carbon price plays a leading role at the present stage.

scholarly journals Foodshed analysis and its relevance to sustainability

2008 ◽  
Vol 24 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-7 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christian J. Peters ◽  
Nelson L. Bills ◽  
Jennifer L. Wilkins ◽  
Gary W. Fick
Keyword(s):  
Large Scale ◽  
Food System ◽  
Resource Constraints ◽  
Food Prices ◽  
Climate Impacts ◽  
Biofuel Production ◽  
Energy Prices ◽  
Critical Question ◽  
Long Distance ◽  
Adequate Food

AbstractProviding a wholesome and adequate food supply is the most basic tenet of agricultural sustainability. However, sharp increases in global food prices have occurred in the past 2 years, bringing the real price of food to the highest level seen in 30 years (FAO, 2008). This dramatic shift is a fundamental concern. The role of ‘local food’ in contributing to the solution of underlying problems is currently being debated, and the debate raises a critical question: To what degree can society continue to rely on large-scale, long-distance transportation of food? Growing concerns about climate change, the longevity of fossil fuel supplies and attempts to produce energy from agriculture suggest that energy efficiency will be critical to adapting to resource constraints and mitigating climate impacts. Moreover, these problems are urgent because energy prices, biofuel production and weather-related crop failures are partially responsible for the current world food price situation. Tools are needed to determine how the environmental impact and vulnerability of the food system are related to where food is produced in relation to where it is consumed. To this end, analyses of foodsheds, the geographic areas that feed population centers, can provide useful and unique insights.

scholarly journals Energy and the food system

2010 ◽  
Vol 365 (1554) ◽  
pp. 2991-3006 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jeremy Woods ◽  
Adrian Williams ◽  
John K. Hughes ◽  
Mairi Black ◽  
Richard Murphy
Keyword(s):  
Food Production ◽  
Fossil Fuels ◽  
Energy Use ◽  
Food System ◽  
Crop Management ◽  
Cropping System ◽  
Food Prices ◽  
Energy Prices ◽  
Energy Inputs ◽  
The 1960S

Modern agriculture is heavily dependent on fossil resources. Both direct energy use for crop management and indirect energy use for fertilizers, pesticides and machinery production have contributed to the major increases in food production seen since the 1960s. However, the relationship between energy inputs and yields is not linear. Low-energy inputs can lead to lower yields and perversely to higher energy demands per tonne of harvested product. At the other extreme, increasing energy inputs can lead to ever-smaller yield gains. Although fossil fuels remain the dominant source of energy for agriculture, the mix of fuels used differs owing to the different fertilization and cultivation requirements of individual crops. Nitrogen fertilizer production uses large amounts of natural gas and some coal, and can account for more than 50 per cent of total energy use in commercial agriculture. Oil accounts for between 30 and 75 per cent of energy inputs of UK agriculture, depending on the cropping system. While agriculture remains dependent on fossil sources of energy, food prices will couple to fossil energy prices and food production will remain a significant contributor to anthropogenic greenhouse gas emissions. Technological developments, changes in crop management, and renewable energy will all play important roles in increasing the energy efficiency of agriculture and reducing its reliance of fossil resources.

scholarly journals Food security under high bioenergy demand toward long-term climate goals

2020 ◽  
Vol 163 (3) ◽  
pp. 1587-1601 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tomoko Hasegawa ◽  
Ronald D. Sands ◽  
Thierry Brunelle ◽  
Yiyun Cui ◽  
Stefan Frank ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
At Risk ◽  
Food Security ◽  
Food Production ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Agricultural Land ◽  
Carbon Price ◽  
Food Prices ◽  
Greenhouse Gas Mitigation ◽  
Bioenergy Feedstock ◽  
Model Framework

AbstractBioenergy is expected to play an important role in the achievement of stringent climate-change mitigation targets requiring the application of negative emissions technology. Using a multi-model framework, we assess the effects of high bioenergy demand on global food production, food security, and competition for agricultural land. Various scenarios simulate global bioenergy demands of 100, 200, 300, and 400 exajoules (EJ) by 2100, with and without a carbon price. Six global energy-economy-agriculture models contribute to this study, with different methodologies and technologies used for bioenergy supply and greenhouse-gas mitigation options for agriculture. We find that the large-scale use of bioenergy, if not implemented properly, would raise food prices and increase the number of people at risk of hunger in many areas of the world. For example, an increase in global bioenergy demand from 200 to 300 EJ causes a − 11% to + 40% change in food crop prices and decreases food consumption from − 45 to − 2 kcal person−1 day−1, leading to an additional 0 to 25 million people at risk of hunger compared with the case of no bioenergy demand (90th percentile range across models). This risk does not rule out the intensive use of bioenergy but shows the importance of its careful implementation, potentially including regulations that protect cropland for food production or for the use of bioenergy feedstock on land that is not competitive with food production.

LNG as a Vessel and General Transportation Fuel Developing the Required Supply Infrastructure

2010 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. W. Van Tassel
Keyword(s):  
Great Promise ◽  
Transportation Fuel ◽  
Hub And Spoke ◽  
Green House Gases ◽  
Fuel Supply ◽  
The Road ◽  
Green House ◽  
The U.S

LNG holds great promise as a transportation fuel making significant reductions in emissions and green house gases. The road to increased use of LNG as a heavy transportation fuel in the U.S. is the development of a coherent LNG supply infrastructure. The existing LNG import terminal infrastructure can be leveraged to implement a safe and reliable fuel supply infrastructure. This paper will discuss the transshipment of LNG, by an AT/B LNG carrier, from existing U.S. LNG import terminals, in a hub and spoke arrangement.

scholarly journals The Causal Linkage between Energy Price and Food Price

Energies ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (14) ◽  
pp. 4182
Author(s):  
Dervis Kirikkaleli ◽  
Ibrahim Darbaz
Keyword(s):  
Economic Crisis ◽  
Price Index ◽  
Food Prices ◽  
Food Price ◽  
Energy Price ◽  
Energy Prices ◽  
Causality Test ◽  
New Findings ◽  
Price Indexes ◽  
Causality Tests

This paper aims to reveal the causal relationship between energy prices and food prices and whether this relationship is similar in the food sub-groups forming the food price index used. As food prices more than doubled during the 2008 economic crisis, this relationship has received considerable attention from researchers. Many researches have been conducted to determine the causes and consequences of the 2008 food price crisis. Researches are mainly focused on crude oil and bio-energy in terms of “energy”. This research is not only differentiated by the data used but also by the methodology employed. The study attempts to add new findings to the empirical food price literature by utilizing relatively newly developed methods, namely Toda–Yamamoto causality, Fourier Toda–Yamamoto causality, and spectral BC causality tests. The spectral BC causality test clearly reveals that there is bidirectional causality between the energy price index and food price indexes (grains, other food, and oils) at different frequencies.

Case study on sustainability of textile wastewater treatment plant based on lifecycle assessment approach

2020 ◽  
Vol 245 ◽  
pp. 118929 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pranav H. Nakhate ◽  
Keyur K. Moradiya ◽  
Hrushikesh G. Patil ◽  
Kumudini V. Marathe ◽  
Ganapati D. Yadav
Keyword(s):  
Wastewater Treatment ◽  
Wastewater Treatment Plant ◽  
Treatment Plant ◽  
Textile Wastewater ◽  
Lifecycle Assessment ◽  
Assessment Approach ◽  
Textile Wastewater Treatment

scholarly journals Food Prices and Rising Energy Costs

1981 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 17-21
Author(s):  
R. McFall Lamm
Keyword(s):  
Price Index ◽  
Consumer Price Index ◽  
The United States ◽  
Food Prices ◽  
Energy Costs ◽  
Energy Prices ◽  
Policy Makers ◽  
Relative Prices ◽  
Congressional Hearings ◽  
Crude Oil Prices

Higher relative prices for energy and food are often referenced as important continuing problems in the United States. For example, the Council on Wage and Price Stability attributed 5.2 percent of the 18 percent increase in the Consumer Price Index (CPI) in early 1980 to higher crude oil prices and described energy prices as “uncontrollable.” Similarly, the substantial upward movements in food prices during 1978 and 1979 were identified by policy-makers as a major source of inflation and stimulated Congressional hearings and an Administration investigation of the causes of rising food prices.

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