Aerospace robotics

Subject. The article considers problems related to the national technological security in the medium- and long-term, which involve the catastrophic lag of Russia in the production and use of robots in various economic activities. Robotics is one of the components of the fourth industrial revolution, a logical continuation of computerization and automation of industrial and service processes of the previous stage of the world economy evolution. Objectives. I focus on analyzing the robotics process of the global aerospace industry, the link with the global robotics process, and the impact on the labor market. Methods. The study employs general scientific methods to analyze the open-source data. Results. I demonstrate the economic feasibility and efficiency of using robots in the aviation industry, space exploration, and related industries. Conclusions. Russia's achievement of worldwide average indicators will require dramatic overhaul, starting with the system of engineering robotic education, acceleration of the development of microelectronics and sensory professional equipment, and the labor market reform.

Temporary contracts and Okun?s law in Poland

Research background: The share of temporary workers in Poland is one of the largest of any EU country, which may affect the output unemployment relationship. The Polish case seems to be a natural experiment. Contrary to many advanced European countries, the spread of temporary contracts in Poland was not caused by labor market reform but instead resulted mainly from spontaneous processes. Purpose of the article: This paper investigates the effect of the widespread use of temporary contracts on the relationship between output and unemployment in Poland. Methods: The analysis is based on the ?dynamic? version of Okun?s law and uses OLS regression, OLS split-sample regression and OLS rolling regression. The sample period is 1996?2018. Findings & Value added: The study found that unemployment?s sensitivity to output increased over time and was related to the greater use of temporary contracts, particularly among young people and women. Initially, at the turn of the 21st century, the expansion of temporary jobs changed the employment composition and had an insignificant effect on unemployment since firms mainly replaced permanent contracts with temporary contracts. Then, starting around 2006, temporary contracts began affecting unemployment levels and unemployment?s responsiveness to output. During this period, firms used temporary contracts as the main workforce adjustment device during the business cycle.

Crisis Politics in Deficit Countries

How did the preferences of interest groups shape the design and contentiousness of crisis policies in deficit countries? And how did external actors influence their crisis responses? This chapter investigates these questions by drawing on a wealth of primary and secondary sources including newspaper coverage, voter public opinion data, interest group position papers, sovereign bailout documentation, and original qualitative evidence from seventeen in-depth interviews with national interest group representatives in Ireland, Spain, and Greece. There was a large consensus among both interest groups and voters across all three countries that external adjustment—that is, unilateral euro exit—should be avoided at all cost. This left financing and internal adjustment as the only options, and significant conflicts flared up in all three countries about how the costs associated with internal adjustment (and to a lesser extent financing) should be distributed. Within the confines set by the Troika, which effectively narrowed down the range of options available to deficit countries, interest groups pushed for reforms to which they were least vulnerable. Business interests, for example, generally supported adopting comprehensive spending-based consolidation measures and labor market reform. Conversely, labor unions and social policy groups actively supported policies that would entail stronger burden-sharing between firms and workers. Overall, internal adjustment policies adopted across all three cases generally reflected the preferences of employer associations more than those of workers, but especially in Spain and Greece, this was associated with considerable political upheaval.

Criminalistics analysis of fraud in the labor market

The article is devoted to the study of organizational and economic mechanisms of regulation of employment in Ukraine. It is emphasized that, in modern conditions of economic development, the problems of effective employment of the population of Ukraine, labor market reform and prevention of mass unemployment become especially important. The labor market is central among other markets. At the same time, the imperfection and existence of conflicts in labor and civil legislation, as well as the inability of law enforcement agencies to resist all new manifestations of fraud, have led to the spread of fraudulent activities in the labor market. A person who has lost faith in finding a decent job, suddenly receiving such an offer, loses vigilance and can accept questionable conditions, as a result of which he becomes a victim. It is emphasized that it is impossible to understand the problem of fraud without studying the pe-culiarities of the labor market and identifying the factors that affect the level of fraud in this area. The activity of persons acting as employers, as well as providing employment mediation services is analyzed, the nature of social and labor relations with employees is described, a number of normative legal acts regulating the sphere of employment are analyzed. There are shortcomings in the legislation governing labor relations. Some factors and circumstances influencing the occurrence of fraudulent manifestations in the field of employment services are considered. It is emphasized that the specifics of criminal activity in the labor market significantly depends on the socio-economic situation and the legal regulation of relevant procedures, legal conflicts and differences in legislation, to which fraudsters react quickly to commit a criminal plan. In this case, fraudsters adapt to the specific situation, based on the dynamics of favorable and unfavorable factors, adapting to new conditions.