Vapor-triggered Reversible Crystal Transformation in Nickel-based Magnetic Molecular Switch

Vapor-trigged crystal to crystal transformation between a discrete trinuclear complex [Ni3(sih)2(py)8] and a two-dimensional (2D) coordination polymer [Ni3(sih)2(py)2]n·DMF·H2O was demonstrated. It provides an example of solid-state coordination induced spin state...

The Working of Cooperative and Collaborative Federalism in India: Understanding Intergovernmental Relations

A federal constitution is based on at least two levels of governments— federal/union and provincial/state—which are generally constitutionally assigned exclusive as well as concurrent dominions, in addition to the residual powers. Consequently, union–state coordination is indispensable to negotiate and devise joint policies in field of shared jurisdictions. Moreover, such coordination is also essential for exclusive jurisdiction apparently because in the eras of ‘cooperative federalism’ and ‘collaborative federalism’, the federal government frequently utilises its usually bigger revenues to introduce centrally sponsored schemes of development and social policies with approval of state governments. These schemes may be entirely or partially financed by the union and executed by the states. Besides, residual powers or new policy areas that may emerge also need union–state cooperation, even though they are judicially adjudicated to go to any of the two levels of government. In an era of intergovernmental and global interdependence, functional link of governance may require cooperative action by different levels of governments besides the civil society organisations.

Der ernährungspolitische Nudge

The EU and its Member States use nudges as a tool for food consumption management, in order to achieve coherent strategies and to address the consumer as effectively as possible. But how can a coherent nutrition policy be designed and what demands do nudges make on Member State coordination in view of the difficulty of delimiting areas of competence? This book highlights food information law, in particular 35 LMIV. The ongoing debate in the field of "Front-Pack-Labelling", which has been going on since the tobacco rulings of the ECJ, will be further developed. In this context, a position will be taken on the current disussion about the Nutri-Score label.

Objectives of regional energy efficiency management system development

В статье рассмотрены основные направления технологических мероприятий по повышению энергоэффективности экономики регионов Российской Федерации. Обращается внимание на роль системного подхода к решению вопросов энергоэффективности. Обращается особое внимание на объединение интересов и усилий государственных органов исполнительной власти всех уровней, организаций всех форм собственности и граждан. Показана необходимость создания системы государственного управления эффективностью использования энергоресурсов и сети государственных Координационных центров. Обоснована необходимость законодательного повышения правового статуса существующих региональных центров энергосбережения (энергоэффективности), создав на их базе государственные Координационные центры управления энергоэффективностью с передачей им, полностью или частично, функций и полномочий Федеральной и региональных энергетических комиссий. The article discusses the main directions of technological measures to improve the energy efficiency of the economy of the regions of the Russian Federation. Attention is drawn to the role of a systematic approach to solving energy efficiency issues. Special attention is paid to combining the interests and efforts of state Executive bodies at all levels, organizations of all forms of ownership and country nationals. The necessity of creating a system of state management of energy efficiency and a network of State Coordination centers is shown. The necessity of legislative improvement of the legal status of existing regional energy saving (energy efficiency) centers by creating on their basis state Coordination centers for energy efficiency management with the transfer to them, in whole or in part, of the functions and powers of the Federal and regional energy commissions is justified.

Territorial traps in controlling the COVID-19 pandemic

The COVID-19 pandemic is global in scope, yet responses to the pandemic have varied considerably by national context, thereby reinforcing what Agnew (1994) has called the ‘territorial trap’. This commentary extends geographical scholarship by considering three territorial traps at play in controlling the COVID-19 pandemic, mainly pertaining to the governance of international travel and migration, inter-state coordination, and territorial thinking.

Top-down coordination of local cortical state during selective attention

Spontaneous fluctuations in cortical excitability influence sensory processing and behavior. These fluctuations, long known to reflect global changes in cortical state, were recently found to be modulated locally within a retinotopic map during spatially selective attention. We found that periods of vigorous (On) and faint (Off) spiking activity, the signature of cortical state fluctuations, were coordinated across brain areas along the visual hierarchy and tightly coupled to their retinotopic alignment. During top-down attention, this interareal coordination was enhanced and progressed along the reverse cortical hierarchy. The extent of local state coordination between areas was predictive of behavioral performance. Our results show that cortical state dynamics are shared across brain regions, modulated by cognitive demands and relevant for behavior.One Sentence SummaryInterareal coordination of local cortical state is retinotopically precise and progresses in a reverse hierarchical manner during selective attention.