Virasoro Constraints Revisited

We revisit the Virasoro constraints and explore the relation to the Hirota bilinear equations. We furthermore investigate and provide the solution to non-homogeneous Virasoro constraints, namely those coming from matrix models whose domain of integration has boundaries. In particular, we provide the example of Hermitean matrices with positive eigenvalues in which case one can find a solution by induction on the rank of the matrix model.

W-representation of Rainbow tensor model

We analyze the rainbow tensor model and present the Virasoro constraints, where the constraint operators obey the Witt algebra and null 3-algebra. We generalize the method of W-representation in matrix model to the rainbow tensor model, where the operators preserving and increasing the grading play a crucial role. It is shown that the rainbow tensor model can be realized by acting on elementary function with exponent of the operator increasing the grading. We derive the compact expression of correlators and apply it to several models, i.e., the red tensor model, Aristotelian tensor model and r = 4 rainbow tensor model. Furthermore, we discuss the case of the non-Gaussian red tensor model and present a dual expression for partition function through differentiation.

Generalized Witt, Witt n-algebras, Virasoro algebras and KdV equations induced from ℛ(p,q)-deformed quantum algebras

We perform generalizations of Witt and Virasoro algebras, and derive the corresponding Korteweg–de Vries equations from known [Formula: see text]-deformed quantum algebras previously introduced in J. Math. Phys. 51 (2010) 063518. Related relevant properties are investigated and discussed. Besides, we construct the [Formula: see text]-deformed Witt [Formula: see text]-algebra, and determine the Virasoro constraints for a toy model, which play an important role in the study of matrix models. Finally, as a matter of illustration, explicit results are provided for the main particular deformed quantum algebras known in the literature.

Correlators in the β-deformed Gaussian Hermitian and complex matrix models

We investigate the [Formula: see text]-deformed Gaussian Hermitian and [Formula: see text] complex matrix models which are defined as the eigenvalue integral representations. Their [Formula: see text] constraints are constructed such that the constraint operators yield the same [Formula: see text][Formula: see text]-algebra. When particularized to the Virasoro constraints in the [Formula: see text] constraints, the corresponding constraint operators yield the Witt algebra and null 3-algebra. By solving our Virasoro constraints, we derive the formulas for correlators in these two [Formula: see text]-deformed matrix models, respectively.

Solving q-Virasoro constraints

We show how q-Virasoro constraints can be derived for a large class of (q, t)-deformed eigenvalue matrix models by an elementary trick of inserting certain q-difference operators under the integral, in complete analogy with full-derivative insertions for $$\beta $$ β -ensembles. From free field point of view, the models considered have zero momentum of the highest weight, which leads to an extra constraint $$T_{-1} \mathcal {Z} = 0$$ T - 1 Z = 0 . We then show how to solve these q-Virasoro constraints recursively and comment on the possible applications for gauge theories, for instance calculation of (supersymmetric) Wilson loop averages in gauge theories on $$D^2 \times S^1$$ D 2 × S 1 and $$S^3$$ S 3 .

Random matrix theory and integrable systems

This article discusses the interaction between random matrix theory (RMT) and integrable theory, leading to ordinary and partial differential equations (PDEs) for the eigenvalue distribution of random matrix models of size n and the transition probabilities of non-intersecting Brownian motion models, for finite n and for n → ∞. It first provides an overview of the connection between the theory of orthogonal polynomials and the KP-hierarchy in integrable systems before examining matrix models and the Virasoro constraints. It then considers multiple orthogonal polynomials, taking into account non-intersecting Brownian motions on ℝ (Dyson’s Brownian motions), a moment matrix for several weights, Virasoro constraints, and a PDE for non-intersecting Brownian motions. It also analyses critical diffusions, with particular emphasis on the Airy process, the Pearcey process, and Airy process with wanderers. Finally, it describes the Tacnode process, along with kernels and p-reduced KP-hierarchy.