Conjoint Analysis for Optimizing the Level of Ingredients in Millet and Pulse based Ready-To-Eat (RTE) Extruded Product

The present study was performed using conjoint analysis for optimizing the ingredients level in the development of millet and pulse-based Ready-To-Eat (RTE) extruded products. Conjoint analysis is a multivariate technique used to understand the preference of the product by the consumer, and it is helpful to formulate the prediction about the different ingredient levels in the product. Also, it is called “Trade-off analysis”. The experimental design of treatments with several card ID lists about 9 numbers with different levels of ingredients used for developing the extruded product. The primary level of raw material was barnyard millet (Echinochloa esculenta) (40 %, 50 %, 60 %), chickpea (Cicer arietinum) (10 %, 20%, 30%) and Maize Zea mays (40 %, 50%, 60%). These principle levels of ingredients give more combinations so sensory panel members may give irresponsible and inappropriate results. The statistical tool conjoint analysis will reduce the number of treatments for optimizing the product. The selection of ingredients level in the development of millet and pulse based RTE extruded products was based on relative importance and utility estimate of quality attributes, which was given by conjoint analysis software program through panelist rank for sensory attributes using of 9 point hedonic scale. Hence, the ingredients combinations were found to be barnyard millet (60%), chickpea (20 %), and Maize (40 %). These combinations were optimized based on their higher level of relative importance and utility estimate.

A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Health Utility Estimates in Chronic Spontaneous Urticaria

Background: Chronic spontaneous urticaria (CSU) is a common recurrent skin disease that adversely affect patient's quality of life condition to treat. Economic evaluations of health care often include patient preferences for health outcomes using utilities.Objectives: The study aimed to determine pooled estimates of utility-based quality of life in patients with CSU.Methods: We conducted a systematic review, meta-analysis, and meta-regression of peer-reviewed articles and conference papers that published from database inception to 31 April 2019 that reported utility estimates in patients with CSU. Scores reported with the EQ-5D, SF-6D, SF-12, and SF-36 instruments were converted to utilities using published mapping algorithms. Meta-analysis was used to calculate the pooled and meta-regression was used to examine the effects of possible factors.Results: The pooled utility estimate for CSU was 0.68 [95% confidence interval (CI): 0.67–0.70]. The pooled utility estimate that converted from SF-36 or SF-12 was 0.66 (95% CI: 0.58–0.74), 0.72 (95% CI: 0.70–0.74) for EQ-5D, and 0.65 (95% CI: 0.63–0.67) for SF-6D, respectively. According to the meta-regression, higher proportion of female patients was significantly associated lower utility estimates (p = 0.013).Conclusions: The study provides evidence-based utility estimates to inform health-related burden analysis of CSU and reference for the follow-up cost-effectiveness evaluation of chronic spontaneous urticaria intervention. These results highlight differences in common utility-based instruments and need to be cognizant of the specific instruments used when comparing the results of outcome studies.

HAPPINESS, INCOME AND HETEROGENEITY

This paper investigates the relationship between happiness, income, and relative income, with an emphasis on heterogeneity between individuals. We develop a random coefficient model in which people are allowed to differ in baseline happiness, and the way they transform income and leisure into utility. We hypothesize that additional dollars of income and leisure (work) hours do not necessarily increase (decrease) the utility of all individuals in the same way, and relative income positions and heterogeneity around relative income positions are important explanations for happiness. Using eight waves Australian household panel data (HILDA), we find strong evidence of heterogeneity in the income-happiness relationship, and differences in baseline happiness were partially explained by personality traits. In addition, we also find relative income positions to play an important role in explaining happiness. In some instances the marginal utility estimates of relative income positions were larger in magnitude than the marginal utility estimate of absolute income, affirming EJ Mishan’s view that relative income is an important determinant of happiness.

Pendekatan Conjoint Analysis untuk Mengukur Tingkat Preferensi Mahasiswa terhadap Layanan Sistem Informasi Akademik di UIN Yogyakarta

Information Technology (IT) represent one of main indicator to support the academic atmosphere at the university. Therefore UIN Sunan Kalijaga (Suka) Yogyakarta has owned sistem information technology and it is called Academic Information System (SIA). UIN Suka shall has knowledge preference and perception of consumer to the service, which is like what required by consumer. By using Conjoint Analysis method would have been obtained combination from level-level factor (stimuly) took a fancy by consumer according to value of highest utility from every level factor. The objective of this research is to measure preference level of consumers (students) to the SIA services in UIN Suka used Conjoint Analysis method. The result shows that the most important factor in using SIA service is the benefit (importance value is 66,623%, the second important factor is accesibility of SIA ( importance value is 19,227%) and the last important is ability of staff (importance value is 14,15%). According to value of utility estimate, it shows that consumers like to use SIA for key in courses (utility estimate is 2,104), online service (utility estimate is 0,577) and SIA staff who are very friendly when they were servicing the students (utility estimate is 0,210).