Behavior of Slag in Ferromanganese and Silicomanganese Smelting Process

A review of studies by Safarian et al. and Kim show that the smelting reaction at equilibrium for ferromanganese and silicomanganese alloys is defined by the coupled reaction in the carbon-saturated condition $$ 2\underline{\text{Mn}} + \, \left( {{\text{SiO}}_{ 2} } \right) \, = { 2 }\left( {\text{MnO}} \right) \, + \underline{\text{Si}} $$ 2 Mn ̲ + SiO 2 = 2 MnO + Si ̲ . The behavior of slag at equilibrium is described by MnO and SiO2 as dependent variables and by non-reacting species, CaO, MgO, and Al2O3, as independent variables. Its characteristic behaviors are assessed in the pseudobinary system of MnO and SiO2 fixed by non-reacting components with analyses of ferromanganese and silicomanganese slag from one-month smelting operations. The behavior of fluid slag is defined by their melting temperature provided by phase equilibria of slag system. Liquidus of manganese slag systems by Kang et al., Zhao et al., and Roghani et al. is reconstructed in coordinates of MnO and SiO2 at fixed contents of CaO, MgO, and Al2O3. Conditions for fluid smelting slag are examined by referencing characteristic behaviors of smelting slag to liquidus of manganese slag systems to assess the effect of MgO and Al2O3. MgO facilitates fluid silicomanganese slag but would make ferromanganese slag viscous. Al2O3 makes silicomanganese slag fluid at Al2O3 content with 0.41 by weight ratio to SiO2. At higher contents of Al2O3, silicomanganese slag would be viscous with low MnO contents in slag. Al2O3 facilitates the development of fluid ferromanganese slag.

Titanium effect on the microstructure and properties of the layer deposited by Fe-C-Si-Мn-Сr-Mo-Ni flux cored wire on the parts working in severe wear conditions

The study results of the structure and properties of the layer deposited with flux-cored wires of the Fe-C-Si-Mn-Cr-Mo-Ni system additionally alloyed with titanium are presented. Surfacing with the investigated flux-cored wires was carried out on a substrate made of 09G2S steel using silicomanganese slag flux.

Use of barium-strontium modifier for the manufacturing of welding flux based on silicomanganese slag

The possibility of using a barium-strontium modifier as a gasprotective and refining additive for welding the fluxes based on crushed slag from the production of ferrosilicomanganese is presented. The barium-strontium modifier BSK-2 produced by JSC “NPK Metalltekhnoprom” according to TU 1717-001-75073896–2005 was used as a material for the study. The base of the welding flux was silicomanganese slag produced by the West Siberian Electrometallurgical Plant. The research work on new welding fluxes and flux-additives was carried out using the equipment of the Scientific and Production Center “Welding Processes and Technologies” and the Center for Collective Use “Materials Science”. The use of barium-strontium flux additive was carried out in two ways. In the first option, the flux-additive was made by grinding barium-strontium to a dust-like fraction of less than 0.2 mm with further mixing with liquid sodium glass, drying in a furnace, crushing and separating a fraction of 0.45 – 3.00 mm. In the second option, the flux additive was used in the form of dust with a fraction of less than 0.2 mm. The additives were mixed at a ratio of 2 – 10 % of mass of the slag produced by silicomanganese. Surfacing of the samples was carried out with a welding wire of the sv-08GA grade on a substrate of steel grade 09G2S with a thickness of 20 mm. Quality of the deposited metal was studied, the chemical compositions (deposited layers, slag crusts, the used flux) were investigated by X-ray fluorescence method on XRF-1800 spectrometer and by atomic emission method on DFS-71 spectrometer. The degree of contamination with non-metallic inclusions (non-deforming silicates, point oxides, sulfides) was studied using OLYMPUS GX-51 optical microscope in the magnification range from 100 to 1000. The laboratory studies on the surfacing of steel samples have shown that due to introduction of a flux additive made from barium-strontium modifier, the metal is refined, and the concentration of sulfur and phosphorus decreases. The use of a mixture of a barium-strontium modifier with liquid glass as an additive is preferable to the use of an additive in the form of a dust. It was revealed that the best samples from the point of view of the degree of contamination of the deposited metal with nonmetallic inclusions are samples made using no more than 8 % of barium-strontium flux additive.