Removal of the Retained Ventricular Catheter Using the Endoscopic Monopolar Instrument

Background. Ventriculoperitoneal shunt (VPS) remains the main treatment for hydrocephalus. However, VPS revision surgery is very common. Here, we present a case in which the retained ventricular catheter was removed using the endoscopic monopolar instrument. Methods. We report a case of a 28-year-old female who presented with VPS obstruction. She had two previous shunt revision surgeries due to shunt obstruction. Eleven years after the last one, she presented an abdominal pseudocyst that indicated a total system removal. During VPS revision surgery, a retained ventricular catheter was observed. The endoscopic monopolar instrument was introduced into the retained catheter under direct view. Coagulations in a back-and-forth movement were applied to release inner catheter adhesions. After these steps, the catheter was removed, and a new one was placed through the same route. Results. The catheter was removed without complications, confirmed by the postoperative cranial computed tomography. The patient remained asymptomatic. Conclusion. The described technique was effective and avoided ventricular bleeding. Further studies are necessary to validate this method.

METODE KOMBINASI DALAM MENAFSIRKAN SURAT AL-AHZAB (33) : 33

This paper describes the method of interpreting the Koran, the author considers that the interpretation of the Koran is carried out with various methods and ways that have been determined in the rules of interpretation, both through approaches, history, linguistics, social, science, and looking at the interpretations of the commentators. interpretation into four kinds. First, this Tahli>li method seeks to explain the content of the verses of the Qur'an from various aspects, according to the views, tendencies, and wishes of the commentators which are presented in a coherent manner in accordance with the order of the verses in the manuscripts. Second, this ijma>li or global method describes the general meanings contained by the verse. Third, muqa>ran or comparison. The interpretation model in this method is to present verses of the Koran with different editorials from one another, to present verses that have different information content from the hadith and to present various interpretations of the scholars. Fourth, maudhu>'i or thematic, namely methods that direct view on a particular theme. Then look for a particular theme by collecting all the verses that talk about it, analyzing and understanding verse by verse to get a complete interpretation of the theme being discussed.

Comparison of Marginal and Internal Adaptation in Endocrowns Milled from Translucent Zirconia and Zirconium Lithium Silicate

Purpose. This study aimed to compare marginal and internal adaptation in endocrowns made from translucent zirconia and zirconium lithium silicate using CAD-CAM technology. Materials and Methods. Twenty-eight freshly extracted upper molars were mounted in acrylic resin and underwent root canal therapy and endocrown preparation up to 2 mm above the cementoenamel junction. Endocrowns were CAD-CAM milled from zirconium lithium silicate (ZLS) and translucent zirconia (Zr). Internal and marginal adaptation was assessed by the replica technique before cementation. Marginal adaptation was evaluated by a stereomicroscope (×32) before and after cementation and also after thermomechanical aging. Results. The ZLS group showed significantly higher internal adaptation compared to the Zr group ( P = 0.028), while the marginal adaptation differences, at different times with different methods, were not statistically significant ( P > 0.05). Axiomarginal angle had the highest and axiopulpal angle showed the lowest adaptation in both groups. The cementation process and thermomechanical aging increased the marginal gap in both groups significantly ( P < 0.001). The marginal gap assessed by the replica technique before cementation was 7.11 µm higher than direct view under a stereomicroscope with intraclass correlation coefficient of 0.797. Conclusion. Zirconia seems to be an acceptable material for endocrown with comparable internal and marginal adaptation to ZLS. Cementation and thermomechanical aging had significantly negative effects on marginal gap. The marginal gap assessed by the replica technique was higher than direct view under the stereomicroscope technique.

Hope and Resilience in the Books of Jeremiah

Jeremiah is the only prophetic book that provides readers with a direct view of life in Jerusalem during the Babylonian siege and destruction of the city (588–586 bce). It also appears in two forms, the classic Masoretic Hebrew form of the text and the Septuagint Greek version of the text, each of which has its own distinctive understanding and presentation of material. Although both forms are especially concerned with destruction and exile, Jeremiah presents its vision of restoration in MT Jeremiah 30–31; 32–33 and in LXX Jeremiah 37–40. This chapter examines Jeremiah 30–33 / 37–40 in relation to the literary form and outlook of each version of the book. It begins with treatment of the formal structure and contents of the two major textual units. It then turns to the contextualization of these passages in relation to other passages that present hope, i.e., Jeremiah’s letter to the exiles in Jeremiah 29 / 36; the oracles concerning Babylon in Jeremiah 50–51 / 31–32; and the royal oracle in Jeremiah 23:1–8. The chapter proposes that each form envisions a distinctive model of hope for the future: MT Jeremiah envisions a future in which the Jerusalem temple and its Levitical priesthood constitute the future of YHWH’s eternal promise to the House of David, and LXX Jeremiah envisions a future in which the rule of a righteous Davidic monarch constitutes the future of Jerusalem and Judah in relation to the rebuilding of the Jerusalem Temple.

Magnetic position sensors

Magnetic position sensors are popular in industrial and automotive applications since they are robust, resistant to dust and oil and they can be cheap. However, precise magnetic position sensors can achieve 0.015 % accuracy and 10 nm resolution. The maximum achievable range is about 20 m. DC magnetic position sensors are using a permanent magnet as a field source. As a field sensor, magnetoresistors are often used instead of traditional Hall sensors. Eddy current sensors work also with non-magnetic conduction targets. Magnetostrictive sensors are based on the time-of-flight of the elastic wave excited in the magnetostrictive material. The sensors can be several meters long and their applications range from level meters to hydraulics. Magnetic trackers and long-range position sensors utilize AC field sources, which are detectable from distances up to 20 m. Compared to optical instruments magnetic trackers do not need direct view. Their applications include surgery, mixed reality, and underground and underwater navigation.

Measuring the Effects of Light Distribution on Spatial Brightness

<p><b>By changing the light distribution it is possible to double the apparent amount of light in a space without any increase in its overall luminance. If one simply assumes that the apparent amount of light in a space — its spatial brightness — is described by its mean luminance (or similar measures) then substantial errors may be made.</b></p> <p>We carried out two experiments, measuring the brightness of 19 different model spaces. Our results demonstrate that making light distributions more non-uniform can make spaces appear both significantly brighter and significantly darker, depending on how the light distribution is changed. This challenges most existing studies in the field that argue that non-uniformity of the luminance distribution simply makes spaces look darker. Indeed, the observed pattern in brightness between our conditions cannot be consistently explained by a simple measure of the uniformity of the luminance distribution. We thus reject all previously proposed models of light distribution and spatial brightness.</p> <p>The best explanation of this and the apparent disagreements in the literature over the effects of non-uniformity appears to be that spatial brightness is affected by the qualitative appearance of the luminances in the space. Light sources and non-luminous surfaces have different effects. We propose a ‘duel’-process model of spatial brightness in which it is the sum of two opposed processes: the effects of the surfaces, and the effects of the light source(s). Non-uniform patterns of surface reflectance and illumination tend to make a space appear brighter. Non-uniformity as a result of a large difference between luminance of the light source(s) and the surfaces makes a space appear darker. If the light source is hidden from direct view its darkening effect is removed, which can make the space appear significantly brighter. Depending on the relative strength of these two processes, a non-uniform luminance distribution may thus appear either brighter or darker than a more uniform distribution.</p> <p>Additionally, we highlight issues demonstrated in both the failure of models previously proposed by the literature, and our exploration of potential implementations of the ‘duel’-process model. It is very easy to produce a good correlation with a defensible metric that will not generalise to other data sets. A metric having a good correlation in a study provides very little reason to actually believe it. If we wish to develop a model of the effects of light distribution that we can trust, we need to demonstrate its robustness by testing its underlying assumptions and showing them to be well supported. As we show, there is a large variety of these that need to be worked through.</p>

Measuring the Effects of Light Distribution on Spatial Brightness

<p><b>By changing the light distribution it is possible to double the apparent amount of light in a space without any increase in its overall luminance. If one simply assumes that the apparent amount of light in a space — its spatial brightness — is described by its mean luminance (or similar measures) then substantial errors may be made.</b></p> <p>We carried out two experiments, measuring the brightness of 19 different model spaces. Our results demonstrate that making light distributions more non-uniform can make spaces appear both significantly brighter and significantly darker, depending on how the light distribution is changed. This challenges most existing studies in the field that argue that non-uniformity of the luminance distribution simply makes spaces look darker. Indeed, the observed pattern in brightness between our conditions cannot be consistently explained by a simple measure of the uniformity of the luminance distribution. We thus reject all previously proposed models of light distribution and spatial brightness.</p> <p>The best explanation of this and the apparent disagreements in the literature over the effects of non-uniformity appears to be that spatial brightness is affected by the qualitative appearance of the luminances in the space. Light sources and non-luminous surfaces have different effects. We propose a ‘duel’-process model of spatial brightness in which it is the sum of two opposed processes: the effects of the surfaces, and the effects of the light source(s). Non-uniform patterns of surface reflectance and illumination tend to make a space appear brighter. Non-uniformity as a result of a large difference between luminance of the light source(s) and the surfaces makes a space appear darker. If the light source is hidden from direct view its darkening effect is removed, which can make the space appear significantly brighter. Depending on the relative strength of these two processes, a non-uniform luminance distribution may thus appear either brighter or darker than a more uniform distribution.</p> <p>Additionally, we highlight issues demonstrated in both the failure of models previously proposed by the literature, and our exploration of potential implementations of the ‘duel’-process model. It is very easy to produce a good correlation with a defensible metric that will not generalise to other data sets. A metric having a good correlation in a study provides very little reason to actually believe it. If we wish to develop a model of the effects of light distribution that we can trust, we need to demonstrate its robustness by testing its underlying assumptions and showing them to be well supported. As we show, there is a large variety of these that need to be worked through.</p>