Fertigasyon ve Mikoriza Uygulamalarının Tarla Koşullarında Biber Bitkisinin (Capsicum annum L.) Verimine ve Besin Elementleri Alımına Etkileri

This study was conducted to investigate the effects of different fertilization frequency (fertigation in every irrigation, fertigation in every second irrigation, fertigation in every third irrigation) in fertilization application and inoculation of mycorrhizae on yield and nutrient uptake of pepper plant. The experiment was carried out under field conditions during two years with three replications at experimental area of Department of Soil Science and Plant Nutrition-Faculty of Agriculture-University of Çukurova. In the research, fertigation application was performed comparatively with conventional irrigation system. Pepper and Glomus caledonium were used as test plant and mycorrhiza species, respectively. In the study, yield and nitrogen (N), phosphorus (P), potassium (K), iron (Fe), zinc (Zn), manganese (Mn,) copper (Cu) concentration of pepper plant were determined. Results revealed that, while the highest yield (2809 kg da-1) was obtained from second every irrigation applied phosphorus and inoculated mycorrhizae in the first year, it was determined in every irrigation without phosphorus application and mycorrhizae inoculated with 2113 kg da-1 in the second year. Also, the application of fertilizer in every irrigation has been significantly increased P concentration of pepper plant, compared with the other treatments. In the study, generally, it was determined that the plants inoculated mycorrhizae have higher yield and nutrition uptake than non-inoculated plants.

The occurrence of arbuscular mycorrhizaI fungi (GlomeraIes) in cuItivated soiIs of Poland

The occurrence of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) in cultivated soils of Poland was characterized based on 15-year investigations. Spores of AMF were isolated from both field-collected root-rhizosphere soil mixtures and trap cultures established with a part of these mixtures. The mixtures were collected from under 41 plant species. The plant species most frequently sampled were <i>Hordeum vulgare, Triticum aestivum</i>, and <i>Zea mays</i>. Spores of AMF were found in 97,5% of the field-collected root-soil samples and in 95,5% of trap cultures. The AMF predominating in populations of the spores revealed were members of the genus <i>Glomus</i>. The spores recovered belonged to 36 species. The AM fungal species most frequently occurring in cultivated soils of Poland were <i>Glomus caledonium, G.constrictum, G.deserticola</i>, and <i>G.mosseae</i>.

Anastomosis Formation and Nuclear and Protoplasmic Exchange in Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi

ABSTRACT We observed anastomosis between hyphae originating from the same spore and from different spores of the same isolate of the arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi Glomus mosseae, Glomus caledonium, and Glomus intraradices. The percentage of contacts leading to anastomosis ranged from 35 to 69% in hyphae from the same germling and from 34 to 90% in hyphae from different germlings. The number of anastomoses ranged from 0.6 to 1.3 per cm (length) of hyphae in mycelia originating from the same spore. No anastomoses were observed between hyphae from the same or different germlings of Gigaspora rosea and Scutellospora castanea; no interspecific or intergeneric hyphal fusions were observed. We monitored anastomosis formation with time-lapse and video-enhanced light microscopy. We observed complete fusion of hyphal walls and the migration of a mass of particles in both directions within the hyphal bridges. In hyphal bridges of G. caledonium, light-opaque particles moved at the speed of 1.8 ± 0.06 μm/s. We observed nuclear migration between hyphae of the same germling and between hyphae belonging to different germlings of the same isolate of three Glomus species. Our work suggests that genetic exchange may occur through intermingling of nuclei during anastomosis formation and opens the way to studies of vegetative compatibility in natural populations of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi.