Efficacy of Different Plant Extracts on Fusarium Wilt caused by Fusarium oxysporum in Chillies under Field Condition

Chilli (Capsicum annum L.) is vegetable crop belongs to family Solanaceae. It is an important source of vitamin A and C. In developing countries most of chilli diseases are due to fungal attack and cause severe losses in yield. Fusarium wilt of chilli which is caused by Fusarium oxysporium f. sp. capsici is an important disease of chilli which causes heavy yield losses in Pakistan. Present research was planned to evaluate effect of different concentrations of plant based phyto-extracts against Fusarium wilt on chilli pathogen under natural field condition. In research trails the leave extract of Euclayptus globulus, Cassia fistula, Moringa oleifera, Vachellia nilotica and Azadirachta indica were evaluated in the management of fusarium wilt. These trails were planned under Randomized Complete Block Design (RCBD). Three concentrations of above mentioned leaf extracts were used 20%, 30% and 40%. At 40% Eucalyptus, Moringa and Azadiracta gave best results with maximum reduction in Fusarium wilt. While all other extracts results were also satisfactory. So we can use these botanicals as a control for this disease in chilli. Keywords: Capsicum annum, Fusarium wilt, Fusarium oxysporium, Phyto-extracts.

KOMBINASI POC SABUT KELAPA DAN NPK TERHADAP PERTUMBUHAN DAN HASIL TANAMAN CABAI MERAH (Capsicum annum L.)

Salah satu strategi efisiensi dalam budidaya sayuran adalah menekan biaya produksi pada setiap usaha taninya dengan menggunakan pupuk yang tepat dan sesuai dengan kebutuhan optimal. Salah satu upaya pemupukan berimbang menggunakan Kombinasi POC sabut kelapa dan NPK. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis kombinasi POC sabut kelapa dan NPK terhadap pertumbuhan dan hasil tanaman cabai merah (Capsicum annuum L.). Penelitian ini dilaksanakan pada bulan april sampai bulan agustus 2020 di desa kertabasuki, kecamatan maja, kabupaten majalengka. Penelitian ini menggunakan rancangan acak kelompok (RAK) non faktorial dengan sembilan perlakuan dengan tiga kali ulangan. Faktor kombinasi pupuk yang diaplikasikan yaitu : A (0 ml POC + 0g NPK), B (50 ml POC + 5g NPK), C (50 ml POC + 0g NPK), D (100 ml POC + 5g NPK), E (100 ml POC + 0g NPK), F (150 ml POC + 5g NPK), G (150 ml POC + 0g NPK), H (200 ml POC + 5g NPK) dan I (200 ml POC + 0g NPK). Hasil penelitian menunjukan bahwa kombinasi POC sabut kelapa dan NPK berpengaruh nyata pada pertumbuhan dan hasil tanaman cabai. Kombinasi 200 ml POC tanpa NPK memberikan hasil terbaik pada tinggi tanaman 9 mst diameter dan bobo buah cabai.

Allelopathy and allelochemical quantitative analysis in Pinto peanut (Arachis pintoi)

Pinto peanut (Arachis pintoi) considered as a perennial legume animal fed plant with good soil fertility improvement was uesed for its allelopathy that had been reported on the germination of Ageratum conyzoides L, Comnyza canadensis L. Cronq., Bidens pilosa L., Solanum lycopersicum and Capsicum annum. through the solutions extracted from different parts of pinto peanut on mustard greens (Brassica juncea), barnyardgrass (Echinochloa crus-galli) and junglerice (Echinochloa colonum). Consideration of the growth of hypocotyls and rootlets at 48 hours after incubation with pinto peanut extracts, results showed that 1.0 g/ml of the methanolic pinto peanut stem extract greatly inhibited 100% mustard greens growth, 77.7% and 93.5% the hypocotyls and rootlets growth of barnyardgrass, 57.2% and 92.7% the hypocotyls and rootlets growth of junglerice, respectively. The allelopathic activity after liquid-liquid extraction of the ethyl acetate phase greater than the aqueous phase. Allelopathic extract loading from C18 chromatographic column was purified by HPLC to obtain 6 phenolic compounds with the contents in 1 g fresh pinto peanut weight were 0.214 μg (cinamic acid), 0.8344 μg (caffeic acid), 7.7676 μg (coumaric acid), 2.2354 μg (ferullic acid), 0.045 μg (2-4 dimehydroxy benzoic) and 32.1162 μg (salicylic acid). These results should be accordingly considered in the production of biological herbicides.

Potential of Streptomyces sp. in preventing the in vitro growth of Colletotrichum acutatum, the causative agent of infection in Capsicum annum L.

Red chilli plant (Capsicum annum L.) is one of the most popular vegetable crops in Indonesian society. One of them the pathogens attacks is Colletotrichum acutatum, a fungus causing anthracnose on red chilli. This study aims to determine the existence of Streptomyces sp. bacteria in the rhizosphere of the red chilli plant; the ability of Streptomyces sp. in inhibiting C. acutatum; Minimum Inhibitory Concentration (MIC) of Streptomyces isolates extracts in inhibiting C. acutatum; The Streptomyces isolation was carried out by dilution method using selective meida, namely Yeast Malt Agar. The Dual Culture method was used as an inhibition test between Streptomyces sp. and C. acutatum in vitro. A well diffusion method was used to test the effectiveness of the Streptomyces sp. and MIC filtrate concentration in inhibiting C. acutatum. The data obtained in this study were analyzed with Analysis of Varian (ANOVA) then continued with Duncan Multiple Range Test with 5% significance. Five Streptomyces isolates were found, namely Streptomyces sp.1, Streptomyces sp.2, Streptomyces sp.3, Streptomyces sp.4, and Streptomyces sp.5 in the rhizosphere of healthy C. annum L. plants in Daup Village, Kintamani District, Bangli Regency. Streptomyces sp. isolates. can significantly inhibit the growth of the fungus C. acuatum with inhibitory power ranging from 50.30% to 83.76%, Streptomyces sp.5 isolate was able to provide the highest percentage of inhibition in C. acutatum of 83.76 ± 2.91% with MIC 7% (v/v) with a diameter of 6.40 mm.

Microbial Assessment and Proximate Composition of Pepper (Capsicum annum) and Tomato (Solanum lycopersicum) Displayed for Sales

Tomato (Solanum lycopersicum) and pepper (Capsicum annuum) are among the world’s most important vegetable crops. A total of 20 samples made up of fresh tomatoes, spoilt tomatoes, fresh pepper and spoilt pepper were analysed in this study. Standard microbiological practices were carried out on the samples. Total Heterotrophic Bacterial (THB) Count for Spoilt tomatoes ranged from 1.98x107cfu/g to 2.39x107cfu/g. Fresh tomatoes samples had a THB counts ranging from 1.43x106cfu/g to 2.14x106cfu/g. Spoilt pepper total heterotrophic bacteria counts ranged from 1.46x107cfu/g to 2.01x107cfu/g. Fresh pepper had a THB count of 1.22x106cfu/g to 1.66x106cfu/g. Spoilt tomatoes samples had a higher fungal count that ranged from 3.5x105cfu/g to 5.25x105cfu/g while the fresh tomatoes samples had lower fungal counts ranging from 1.95x104cfu/g to 3.45x104cfu/g. The spoilt pepper had fungal counts ranging from 1.45x105cfu/g to 2.65x105cfu/g which was higher than that of fresh pepper with a low count of 1.6x104cfu/g to 2.75x104.cfu/g. The bacterial isolates identified during this study are Staphylococcus sp., Escherichia coli, Bacillus sp., klebsiella sp., Pseudomonas sp., Shigella sp., Protues sp., Enterobacter sp., Citrobacter sp., Lactobacillus sp. Micrococcus sp. Listeria sp. Streptococcus sp. and Serratia sp. Spoilt tomatoes had the highest coliform count 1.02x105cfu/g to 9.0x105cfu/g while fresh tomatoes had a lower count of 4.65x105cfu/g to 6.75x105cfu/g. Spoilt pepper recorded coliform counts ranging from 3.8x105cfu/g to 9.4x105cfu/g. Most of the fungi isolated from both the tomatoes and pepper samples were molds and yeast which include Aspergillus niger, Aspergillus flavus, Candida sp., Saccharomyces sp., Penicillium sp. Mucor sp. and Fusarium sp. Adequate cooking is recommended before consumption.

RESPON TANAMAN CABAI MERAH (Capsicum annum L.) TERHADAP KOMPOSISI DAN DOSIS BOKASHI PELEPAH SAWIT DAN DAUN REMUNGGAI

This experiment aims to determine the response of red chili (Capsicum annum L.) plants to the composition and dosage of bokashi oil palm and remunggai (Moringa oleifera). This research was conducted from January to April 2021, in Kayu Arang Village, Sukaraja District, Seluma Regency. The design used was a Factorial Completely Randomized Desing (CRD). The first factor is the composition (A) namely: A1: remunggai + palm frond (1:1), A2: remunggai + palm frond (1:3), A3: remunggai + paln frond (1:5) and the second factor is bokashi dose (B) namely: B0 : 1 ton/ha bokashi + NPK recommendation, B1 : 10 ton/ha bokashi, B2 : 20 ton/ha bokashi, B3 : 30 ton/ha bokashi, B4 : 40 ton/ha bokashi. The treatment was repeated 3 times to produce 45 experimental units. The result of the analysis of variance was continued with Duncan’s Multiple Range Test (DMRT) with a test level of 5%. The results showed that giving bokashi composition had on significant effect on all observed variables. Meanwhile, in giving bokashi dose, there were observational variables that had a significant effect, namely plant height, number of productive branches, the total number of fruit per plant, fruit weight per plant, the weight of dry stover stove, and the parameters of variables that had no significant effect were flowering age and age harvest.