The Long-term Effectiveness of a Community-based Lifestyle Intervention on Tobacco-related Habits in Adolescent Boys and Girls: Tehran Lipid and Glucose Study

Background: To assess the long-term effectiveness of a community-based intervention on cigarette, passive, and hookah smoking in adolescent boys and girls. Methods: 1159 adolescents who participated in the Tehran Lipid and Glucose Study (TLGS) between 2001 and 2004 were followed for 12 years (every-three-year follow-ups). Participants in the intervention area received lifestyle interventions in the settings of family, schools, and community. After excluding those with missing baseline parental data (n=66), complete parental data of 1093 adolescents was used for cluster analysis, and families were classified as low- and high-risk. Afterward, 296 individuals who did not complete intervention/follow-ups were excluded. The GEE analysis was performed on 797 adolescents (369 boys) to assess the intervention effect on tobacco-related habits; 605 and 192 resided in the control and intervention area, respectively.Results: Mean age of adolescents was 15.21±1.95 years at baseline. Adolescents living in high-risk families were more at risk of cigarette, passive, and hookah smoking. The intervention decreased the odds of cigarette and passive smoking by 38% and 57%, respectively. The intervention was not successful in reducing the risk of hookah smoking in adolescents. After sex-specific analysis, the intervention reduced the risk of current cigarette smoking by 40% only in boys and passive smoking in both sexes.Conclusions: Targeting lifestyle behaviors in adolescents and their families in a community setting reduces cigarette smoking in school-aged boys and protects both sexes from secondhand smoke; findings that could be valuable for designing future health promotion interventions focusing on adolescents smoking.Trial registration: This study is registered at Iran Registry for Clinical Trials (IRCT), a WHO primary registry (http://irct.ir). The registry date is 29/10/2008; (IRCTID: IRCT138705301058N1).

The religiosity of Hijrah adolescence in Muslimah Aceh Fillah Community Aceh Tamiang Indonesia

In the influx of hedonism and consumptive culture due to the development of communication and information technology, extraordinary migration flows from the young generation of Indonesia. This study aims at the religiosity of adolescents experienced by adolescents migrating through 5 dimensions of religiosity: experiential, ritualistic, ideological, intellectual, and consequential. This study involved 5 Muslimah Aceh Fillah members selected by purposive sampling techniques using a qualitative approach. In-depth interview techniques and participatory observations obtained the data. In addition to engaging its members, the researchers also took parental data from the study subjects to get a comprehensive picture. Then, the data is analyzed through 3 stages: data reduction, data presentation, and conclusion. The results showed that the religiosity of hijra adolescents is expressed in various dimensions. The most significant change felt by community members is thought in an intellectual dimension that implies a difference in the other aspect of religiosity.

Fully phased human genome assembly without parental data using single-cell strand sequencing and long reads

Human genomes are typically assembled as consensus sequences that lack information on parental haplotypes. Here we describe a reference-free workflow for diploid de novo genome assembly that combines the chromosome-wide phasing and scaffolding capabilities of single-cell strand sequencing1,2 with continuous long-read or high-fidelity3 sequencing data. Employing this strategy, we produced a completely phased de novo genome assembly for each haplotype of an individual of Puerto Rican descent (HG00733) in the absence of parental data. The assemblies are accurate (quality value > 40) and highly contiguous (contig N50 > 23 Mbp) with low switch error rates (0.17%), providing fully phased single-nucleotide variants, indels and structural variants. A comparison of Oxford Nanopore Technologies and Pacific Biosciences phased assemblies identified 154 regions that are preferential sites of contig breaks, irrespective of sequencing technology or phasing algorithms.

Personality types as derived from parental reports on 3‐year‐old

Three internally replicable clusters of personality were empirically derived in a sample of 3‐year‐old children who were assessed by mothers and fathers using the Inventory of Child Individual Differences (Halverson et al., 2003). The clusters were structurally consistent across the parental data sources and did not, except for resilients, fully overlap with the under‐ and overcontrolled types. The average children scored within less than half of a standard deviation from the mean across the ICID dimensions, while the wilful 3‐year‐old appeared extraverted and disagreeable. Child type membership was moderately consistent across the spouses and it predicted teacher‐reported child social behaviour. Compared to the dimensions, the predictive utility of the types was lower, but considerably improved with consistently classified children. Copyright © 2006 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.