Pengolahan Limbah Cair Pabrik Kelapa Sawit dengan Metode Filtrasi dan Fitoremediasi Menggunakan Tanaman Eceng Gondok (Eichhornia Crassipes)

ABSTRACTPalm oil mill effluent (POME) is a side product from oil palm processing activities with potential environmental pollution. Its smells, colored appearance contains high COD, BOD, and TSS values. Thus, the processing of POME is crucial. In treating this wastewater, filtration and phytoremediation methods can be applied. This study aimed to evaluate the performance of the POME treatment using filtration and phytoremediation methods using water hyacinth (Eichhornia crassipes). This research method includes a sampling process, tub reactor construction with four filter ingredients (sand, gravel, coconut fiber, and sponge), the dilution of POME (concentration of 100%, 75%, and 50%), phytoremediation, filtering and testing of sample parameters. The parameters tested were BOD, COD, TSS, pH, and physical properties, including color, smell, and turbidity. The results of this study showed that the application of POME treatment with water hyacinth was not yet effective, supported by the following research results of the treatment concentration of 100%, 75%, and 50% with BOD levels respectively 894.7 mg/l, 304.15 mg/l, and 77.03 mg/l, COD levels respectively 4,320 mg/l, 1,120 mg/l, and 440 mg/l, TSS levels were 400 mg/l, 200 mg/l and 0 mg/l respectively. While, pH results for those treatments are 8,8 and 9 respectively.Keywords: filtration, liquid waste, phytoremediation, water hyacinthABSTRAKKegiatan operasional Pabrik Kelapa Sawit menghasilkan produk samping (By-Product) salah satunya limbah cair yang berbau, berwarna, mengandung nilai COD, BOD serta TSS yang tinggi berpotensi mencemari lingkungan, sehingga pengolahan limbah cair di pabrik kelapa sawit sangat penting. Filtrasi dan fitoremediasi adalah metode yang dapat digunakan dalam mengolah limbah cair pabrik kelapa sawit. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis hasil pengolahan limbah cair pabrik kelapa sawit dengan metode filtrasi dan fitoremediasi menggunakan tanaman eceng gondok (Eichhornia crassipes). Metode penelitian ini meliputi proses sampling, membuat bak reaktor berukuran 60 cm x 40 cm x 40 cm dengan 4 media penyaring (pasir, kerikil, serabut kelapa dan spons), kemudian melakukan pengenceran limbah cair pabrik kelapa sawit dengan konsentrasi 100%, 75% dan 50%, fitoremediasi, penyaringan dan pengujian sampel parameter BOD, COD, TSS, pH dan Uji sifat fisik meliputi warna, aroma dan kekeruhan. Hasil penelitian ini menyatakan bahwa aplikasi pengolahan limbah PKS dengan tanaman enceng gondok belum efektif, dengan ditunjang hasil penelitian sebagai berikut : 100%, 75%, dan 50% dengan kadar BOD berturut-turut 894,7 mg/l, 304,15 mg/l, dan 77,03 mg/l, kadar COD berturut-turut 4.320 mg/l, 1.120 mg/l dan 440 mg/l, kadar TSS berturut-turut 400 mg/l, 200 mg/l dan 0 mg/l dan pH berturut-turut 8,8 dan 9.Kata kunci: eceng gondok, filtrasi, fitoremediasi, limbah cair

Environmentally friendly method for regeneration of copper chloride acidic solutions used in etching of printed circuits

Etching of copper with acidic CuCl2 solution is a widely used chemical method in printed circuits production. During the process, the solution is enriched in Cu(I) ions, resulting in reduction and then loss of etching bath capacity. In order to ensure the required etching kinetics, the solution is regenerated by oxidation of Cu(I) to Cu(II). The industrially applied Cu(I) oxidants are, e.g.: Cl2, chlorates. Their application is expensive and associated with drawbacks related to health, safety and environmental hazards (e.g. Cl2 emission). In the result of long-standing cooperation between the IMN and MATUSEWICZ Budowa Maszyn, an innovative, original and environmentally friendly method of acidic solutions regeneration used during printed circuits etching was developed. A new-type reactor equipped with oxidation monitoring-control systems using oxygen or oxygen-enriched air was applied. The reactor construction enables to run the process with oxygen circulation in the reactor, ensures full oxygen utilisation in the regeneration process, achievement of the required performance and process rate, and eliminates expensive, hazardous and often toxic reagents. This is an innovative method, and since there are no analogous technologies currently known and used in Europe and worldwide, the presented method is technologically, economically and ecologically unrivalled.

Application of Underwater Spectrometric System for Survey of Ponds of the MR Reactor (NRC Kurchatov Institute)

The underwater spectrometric system for survey the bottom of material science multi-loop reactor MR ponds was elaborated. This system uses CdZnTe (CZT) detectors that allow for spectrometric measurements in high radiation fields. The underwater system was used in the spectrometric survey of the bottom of the MR reactor pool, as well as in the survey located in the MR storage pool of highly radioactive containers and parts of the reactor construction. As a result of these works irradiated nuclear fuel was detected on the bottom of pools, and obtained estimates of the effective surface activity detected radionuclides and created by them the dose rate.

Thinking Globally, Acting (Trans-)Locally: Petra Kelly and the Transnational Roots of West German Green Politics

Thousands of demonstrators crowded Trafalgar Square on a chilly April afternoon in 1978 to protest the planned expansion of nuclear fuel reprocessing operations at the Windscale Reactor in rural Cumbria. Toward the end of the rally, a young woman faced the mass of protestors from behind the podium. “I am here to bring you greetings of solidarity from the various European, Australian, and Japanese anti-nuclear movements,” she announced. She explained that the movements whose greetings she brought to London represented “a great wave of transnational determination to put a stop to Windscale, to put a stop to a nuclearized, militarized Europe.” Within the next few moments, she described the contours of this “transnational wave.” She took her audience from Aboriginal territory in Australia, where Green Ban strikes interfered with uranium mining, to the nonviolent demonstrations against reactor construction in German villages, and back to Windscale, where protesters demanded a stop to nuclear fuel reprocessing. In the few minutes she stood at the podium, Petra Kelly narrated an around-the-world journey that had taken her most of the previous two decades to complete.