A case report of an unfurled appendix - embryological perspective

Appendicitis is a very common clinical condition requiring immediate attention. Long appendix is a frequent reason for inflammation. Very often the size and position of the appendix varies. The differential development of the caecum is responsible for the different positions of the appendix. Adequate knowledge about the presence of such unusual variations is a must for clinical surgeons. We are reporting one of the longest appendices seen during routine cadaveric dissection in south India which was just over 20 cm in length with the embryological basis.

Histopathological evaluation and expression profile of PRM-1, TNP-2, 17B-HSD3, LHR, MHC-I, MIC-B, NC1 and NC3 genes in bovine testis

Histopathological and spermatogenesis classification by Johnsen is widely used in the germinal epithelium maturation analysis, besides identifying pathological alterations able to cause subfertility and even infertility. The aim of this study was to analyze cell-differentiation histopathological data and to correlate them with expression of PRM-1, TNP-2, 17β-HSD3, LHR, generic MHC-I, MIC-B, NC1 and NC3 genes, involved in bovine spermatogenesis using qRT-PCR from testicular parenchyma. Based on Johnsen’s criteria, the results showed normal spermatogenic activity in these animals, classified at 6, 7 and 8 scores. The qRT-PCR analysis expression showed that MHC-I (generic) gene was less expressed than all the other genes in evaluated scores (p < 0.05) and, PRM-1 and TNP-2 were the most expressed genes (p < 0.05). The PRM-1 gene expression was significantly higher than TNP-2 (p < 0.05). Comparing scores, 17β-HSD3 gene expression was lower (p < 0.05) in score 6 when compared to scores 7 and 8 animals. It was also observed that PRM-1 expression was lower in score 6 when compared to 7, as well as TNP-2 gene was less expressed in the score 6 (p < 0.05) when compared to 7 and 8 scores. Our results demonstrated that MHC I (generic), MIC-B, NC1, NC3, and LHR genes are poorly expressed in bovine testis, suggesting their marginal action on spermatogenesis. Instead, PRM-1, TNP-2, and 17β-HSD3 expression were higher, supporting the notion that these genes can act directly on the germ cells differential development during bovine spermatogenesis.

Industrial Revolution and Technological Pattern: Essential Characteristics, Similarities and Distinctive Features

The article analyzes the evolution of the phenomena “technological order” and “industrial revolution”, which made it possible to form the author’s model for the phenomena under study. As a result of considering these characteristics of the designated economic indicators, groups of features were formulated that characterize the concepts from the point of view of identity, as well as groups of features indicating their main distinctive and specific characteristics. The study of the origin of these terms also influenced the possibility of defining these phenomena from the standpoint of the dynamic nature (origin, formation, development, transformation, adaptation) of each of the components within their stage-by-stage development. The indicated evolutionary character can be traced within the framework of the change of each of the technological orders (the first (1785– 1835), second (1830–1890), third (1880–1940), fourth (1930–1990), fifth (1985–2035), sixth (2010–2060)) and industrial revolutions (First (18th – 19th centuries), Second (second half of the 19th century – early 20th century), Third (1960 – the first decade of the 20th century, Fourth (2011 – up to the present time), which predetermines the differential development of national economic systems as a whole.