Garap Rujak-rujakan dalam Sindhenan Gaya Surakarta

ABSTRACTThis research reveals of garap rujak-rujakan in the Surakarta style sindhènan. Some issues to be explored in this reasearch are related to the garap rujak-rujakan, how to interpret balungan rujak-rujakan, and the function of rujak-rujakan in Surakarta-style sindhènan. These point are explained based on data on the presentation of musical instrument as a factual data exploration media. Data collection was carried out by means of literature studies, interviews, and also as a participant observer.The data collection was carried out by literature study, interviews, and also as a participant observer. The analysis is carried out by reinterpreting the thoughts and experience of the pengrawit through pragmatic reality. The interpretation uses interpretation method and garap analysis. The explanation and getting conclusions are carried out by the inductive method.The results obtained are that the rujak-rujakan is included in the shredded category which has a complementary and varied function. There are four types of rujak-rujakan models, namely rujak-rujakan with a descending melody, rujak-rujakan with an upward melody, rujak-rujakan with kempyung melody sèlèh, and rujak-rujakan with flat tones. Céngkok rujak-rujakan can be applied to melody compositions that reflect the core of the rujak-rujakan melody. So if there is a balungan melody that reflects the melody rujak-rujakan, then a pesindhèn can fill the balungan with céngkok rujak-rujakan. Rujak-rujakan is facultative, but its presence gives color or variety to the sindhènan.

Aberrant splicing and transcription termination caused by P element insertion into the intron of a Drosophila gene.

Insertional mutagenesis screens using the P[lacZ, rosy+] (PZ) transposable element have provided thousands of mutant lines for analyzing genes of varied function in the fruitfly, Drosophila melanogaster. As have been observed with other P elements, many of the PZ-induced mutations result from insertion of the P element into the promoter or 5' untranslated regions of the affected gene. We document here a novel mechanism for mutagenesis by this element. We show that sequences present within the element direct aberrant splicing and termination events that produce a mRNA composed of 5' sequences from the mutated gene (in this case, pipsqueak) and 3' sequences from within the P[lacZ, rosy+] element. These truncated RNAs could yield proteins with dominant mutant effects.

CANALISATION D'ONDES ÉLECTROMAGNÉTIQUES PAR DIFFRACTION ITÉRÉE

The determination of a state of steady wave propagation through a periodic sequence of lenses with minimal beam power loss is based on a previously published study of encircled energy in the visible region. The amplitude function T(x) derived from an extremum of the factor of encircled energy E(W) for a fixed abscissa W = Wm = 5 can be replaced with sufficient accuracy by the varied function [Formula: see text]; the periodic sequence of lenses illuminated by a field distribution [Formula: see text] is analogous to a low-loss beam wave guide.With regard to this theoretical analysis and practical application, the authors describe the characteristics of a beam wave guide for millimeter waves which maintains an optimum compromise between diffraction losses and line dimensions. This analysis is completed by experimental results from a microwave beam wave guide operating at the 1.25 cm wavelength.