Retributive and Consequential Violence in 2 Sam 11–20

Elements of David’s transgression in 2 Samuel 11–12 are delineated, suggesting that David is not condemned for murder and adultery per se but for violating God’s prerogative to give and the principle that God takes from the master to give to the servant. Building on Klaus Koch’s distinction between retribution and natural consequences for sin, it is shown that the violence against David described in Nathan’s oracle in 2 Samuel 12 is both a judicial, proportional punishment and natural consequences in the form of a curse. The dynamics of God’s forgiveness of David are explored in depth, including the apparent role of retributive punishment for restoring the offender identified in the work of Kant. The nature and implications of collective punishment in the story of David, including the effects of David’s sin on his household, are addressed.

Characteristic Pollutants Purification Analysis of Modified Phosphogypsum Comprehensive Utilization

The waste product Phosphogypsum (PG) produces in phosphoric acid production processes. Its storage requires large amounts of land resources and exist serious environmental risks. In this work detailed experimental research was carried out to investigate the potential reuse of PG after calcination modification as a novel building material for cast-in-place concrete products. The calcination modification mechanism was studied and the environmental risk assessment of modified PG is presented. The calcination modification includes crystal phase transformation, removal of impurities and modifying the pH value. The calcination was carried out at 280℃ for 3-4 hours, where the resulting product is a pH value of 7.3, and the soluble fluorine and phosphorus removal rates reach up to 72.7% and 82.4% respectively. These removal rates meet the requirements of the national Phosphogypsum standard (GB/T 23456-2009). To ensure the environmental safety, ecological risk assessment methods for determining the leaching toxicity of the modified PG were employed. The toxicity of Ba and P elements in the modified PG products was assessed, as well as the leaching toxicity concentrations of all particular heavy metals, which were found well below the limits set by the national standards. All the results presented strongly suggest that the 280℃ modified PG presented here has excellent application potential as a raw component in building materials.

Synergistic Effect of the Photothermal Performance and Osteogenic Properties of MXene and Hydroxyapatite Nanoparticle Composite Nanofibers for Osteogenic Application

MXene has attracted tremendous attention due to its outstanding photothermal properties and biocompatibility. Hydroxyapatite (HA) contains Ca, Mg and P elements, which play important roles in promoting osteogenic differentiation of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs). In this study, a class of composite nanofibers consisting of MXene nanosheets and HA nanoparticles (M-@HA NFs) are developed based on the synergistic effect of photothermal performance and osteogenic properties. The obtained composite nanofibers demonstrated excellent photothermal properties, and the temperature reached 44 °C under NIR exposure (808 nm). In addition, the composite nanofibers also displayed good biocompatibility and promote the growth and osteogenic differentiation of bone mesenchymal stem cells (BMSCs). More importantly, under NIR exposure, BMSCs on the composite nanofibers achieved much better osteogenic differentiation than those without NIR exposure due to the accelerated release of Ca, Mg and P elements. Therefore, we considered the unique photothermal and osteogenic differentiation to indicate that this new class of MXene composite nanofibers has tremendous application potential in bone tissue engineering.

Responses of Ecological Stoichiometric Characteristics of Carbon, Nitrogen, and Phosphorus to Periodic Submergence in Mega-Reservoir: Growth of Taxodium distichum and Taxodium ascendens

Ecological stoichiometric studies can be useful for managing the deteriorated riparian zones of mega-reservoirs in which nutrients significantly impact the balanced vegetation cover. The present study aims to explore the effects of periodic submergence on the stoichiometric ecological characteristics of carbon (C), nitrogen (N), and phosphorus (P), as well as the growth conditions of two leading conifer species (Taxodium distichum and Taxodium ascendens) in the hydro-fluctuation zone of the Three Gorges Reservoir (TGR) region, China. The stoichiometrical contents of C, N, and P in fine roots, leaves, and branches, and the growth conditions of T. distichum and T. ascendens were measured in July 2019. The results showed that periodic submergence affected the stoichiometric characteristics and growth conditions of these two woody species, and the impact was restrained, but both grew well. The effects of inundation on the C, N, and P ecological stoichiometric characteristics differed in different parts of trees. In general, the C contents showed the following pattern: leaves > branches > fine roots. The N and P content showed the following pattern: leaves > fine roots > branches, while the C/N and C/P ratios showed an opposite trend to that of N and P. The N and P content in all parts of T. distichum (with means of 17.18 and 1.70 g/kg for leaves, 4.80 and 0.57 g/kg for branches, and 6.88 and 1.10 g/kg for fine roots, respectively) and T. ascendens (with means of 14.56 and 1.87 g/kg for leaves, 5.03 and 0.63 g/kg for branches, and 8.17 and 1.66 g/kg for fine roots, respectively) were higher than the national average level (with means of 14.14 and 1.11 g/kg for leaves, 3.04 and 0.31 g/kg for branches, and 4.85 and 0.47 g/kg for fine roots, respectively). Except for N and P contents in the leaves of T. distichum, there was a significant correlation between N and P elements in other parts (p < 0.05). Nevertheless, the N/P ratio (10.15, 8.52, 6.44, and 7.93, 8.12, 5.20 in leaves, branches, and fine roots of T. distichum and T. ascendens, respectively) was lower than the critical ratio of 14. The growth conditions of T. distichum and T. ascendens were significantly negatively correlated with their leaf C contents and significantly positively correlated with their fine root N and P contents. This study showed that T. distichum and T. ascendens could maintain their normal growth needs by properly allocating nutrients between different organs to adapt to the long periodic submergence in the hydro-fluctuation zone of the TGR region.

Rapid Fabrication of MgNH4PO4·H2O/SrHPO4 Porous Composite Scaffolds with Improved Radiopacity via 3D Printing Process

Although bone repair scaffolds are required to possess high radiopacity to be distinguished from natural bone tissues in clinical applications, the intrinsic radiopacity of them is usually insufficient. For improving the radiopacity, combining X-ray contrast agents with bone repair scaffolds is an effective method. In the present research, MgNH4PO4·H2O/SrHPO4 3D porous composite scaffolds with improved radiopacity were fabricated via the 3D printing technique. Here, SrHPO4 was firstly used as a radiopaque agent to improve the radiopacity of magnesium phosphate scaffolds. X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and energy-dispersive spectroscopy (EDS) were used to characterize the phases, morphologies, and element compositions of the 3D porous composite scaffolds. The radiography image showed that greater SrHPO4 contents corresponded to higher radiopacity. When the SrHPO4 content reached 9.34%, the radiopacity of the composite scaffolds was equal to that of a 6.8 mm Al ladder. The porosity and in vitro degradation of the porous composite scaffolds were studied in detail. The results show that magnesium phosphate scaffolds with various Sr contents could sustainably degrade and release the Mg, Sr, and P elements during the experiment period of 28 days. In addition, the cytotoxicity on MC3T3-E1 osteoblast precursor cells was evaluated, and the results show that the porous composite scaffolds with a SrHPO4 content of 9.34% possessed superior cytocompatibility compared to that of the pure MgNH4PO4·H2O scaffolds when the extract concentration was 0.1 g/mL. Cell adhesion experiments showed that all of the scaffolds could support MC3T3-E1 cellular attachment well. This research indicates that MgNH4PO4·H2O/SrHPO4 porous composite scaffolds have potential applications in the bone repair fields.

Strontium-Loaded Nanotubes of Ti–24Nb–4Zr–8Sn Alloys for Biomedical Implantation

Ti–24Nb–4Zr–8Sn (Ti2448) alloys, with a relatively low elastic modulus and unique mechanical properties, are desirable materials for oral implantation. In the current study, a multifaceted strontium-incorporating nanotube coating was fabricated on a Ti2448 alloy (Ti2-NTSr) through anodization and hydrothermal procedures. In vitro, the Ti2-NTSr specimens demonstrated better osteogenic properties and more favorable osteoimmunomodulatory abilities. Moreover, macrophages on Ti2-NTSr specimens could improve the recruitment and osteogenic differentiation of osteoblasts. In vivo, dense clots with highly branched, thin fibrins and small pores existed on the Ti2-NTSr implant in the early stage after surgery. Analysis of the deposition of Ca and P elements, hard tissue slices and the bone-implant contact rate (BIC%) of the Ti2-NTSr implants also showed superior osseointegration. Taken together, these results demonstrate that the Ti2-NTSr coating may maximize the clinical outcomes of Ti2448 alloys for implantation applications.

Thermodynamic properties of alloys In—Tb system

The method of isoportic calorimetry investigated the thermochemical properties of the melt In—Tb system in the range of compositions 0 < xIn < 0,4 at 1625 ± 1 K. The obtained data were extrapolated on a non-investigated concentration interval, given that when xTb = 1 integral and partial to Tb enthalpia mixing is zero. It was established that the first partial for Terbium and the minimum enthalpy of mixing is –145 ± 7 and –40,1 ± 0,2 kJ/mol respectively. Comparison of ΔHmin, the melt of five previously investigated In—Ln systems from the serial number Ln (zLn), together with the data obtained in this papper, showed that they are described by one trend line. For ΔHmin In—Eu (Yb) melts (Yb) are very slight deviations from the trend line. But for dimensional factor, these deviations from the trend line are more significant. Enthalpia of the formation of some In—Ln intermetallides are known, with most of them relate to the LnIn3 compound. But there is no full reconciliation between these data. The results of the most modern work exhibit less dependence on the serial number of lanthanides and are more exothermic for heavy lanthanides, compared with other data. Comparing thermochemical properties of double Sn (Sb) —REM melt systems. It has been established that the energy of the interaction between the data p-elements and REM increases in such a sequence: In-REM → Sn—REM → Sb—REM. This is due to the fact that the stibium is the best acceptor of electrons. Keywords: thermochemical properties, melts, compounds, In, Tb.

Imaging the Buddha in South Asia

The image of the Buddha appeared in the north of the South Asian subcontinent around the 1st century ce, following a period when no actual representation had been produced. Detailed considerations on how to represent this human being who had reached the highest spiritual plane are clearly illustrated in the highly elaborate portrayal in the literary sources and led to the visual formulation of an image based on strict iconographic rules, texts and art being both sides of the same issue. The texts include lengthy lists of either thirty-two or eighty marks that characterize the body of the Buddha, some being actually seen in the visual depiction, such as the tuft of hair between the eyebrows, the protuberance on the head, and the webbed hands, all of which contribute to the manifestation of a metamorphosed body that can become a powerful source of magic. This image does not stand on its own but is 1ed in a set of motifs—the throne, the nimbus, the aura, the lotusseat—that bring out the supramundane nature of the Buddha; further additions were to be the crown and the necklace, transforming the simple monk into a king. The various gestures that the Buddha displays reflect different aspects of his personality, as protector, as paradigm of generosity, as the ultimate teacher. Elements such as the monachal robe or hair style showed up in various forms in the early phase; however, the stylistic evolution progressively led to a uniformized figure that appeared in the 4th–5th century and became standardized in South Asia before finding its way to faraway regions. This figure was also used to represent the Buddhas of the past or the Tathāgathas and became the visual element unifying all Buddhist schools.

EFFECT OF TEMPERATURE, USE OF QUALITY WASTE AND TEACHERS IN BREAST TANK ON GAS BIO PERFORMANCE

The aim of research to determine the effect of temperature and the use of livestock waste quail (LTP) and waste octopus (LG) in a digester tank is made of plastic curigen to the performance of gas bio production and nutrient content of sludge that is generated. The materials used are LTP and LG. The research method used 1) Randomized Block Design with 2 factors and 2) Completely Randomized Design with 6 treatments and 4 replications. The first factor is the waste with 6 treatments are P0: 100% LTP, P1: sludge 90% and 10% LTP LG, P2: sludge 80% LTP, and 20% of LG, P3: s ludge 70% LTP, and 30 LG, P4: LTP and 20% LG, P5: sludge 50% LTP and 50% LG. The second factor with lamps, namely P01: without lamps, P02: use 1 lamp, P03: use 2 lamps. Furthermore, LTP and LG are diluted with water until they reach 7% dry matter and stored in a digestion tank (made of 24 plastic jerry cans with a volume of 25 liters ). The analysis showed that the effects of temperature, the use of LTP and LG have influence which is not significantly different (P > 0.0 1 ) against the pressure, the volume of gas bioand H 2 S. Apart from that, it was also very significant (P <0.01) on the total N content, P elements and K elements, but the highest average total N and K element content was obtained in P0 sludge with a percentage of 100% LTP concentration. The conclusion of this study is that the effect of temperature, LTP, and LG affects the increase in gas bio production but not significantly different and the treatment of LTP and LG affects the increase in nutrient content.