Prostitūcijas definīcijas nepilnības un ar to saistīto noziedzīgo nodarījumu kvalifikācijas problēmjautājumi

The article provides an analysis of the term “prostitution” and its explanation as sexual service or sexual activity, and the legal regulation thereof. In author’s opin­ion, this term in criminal law is not sufficiently explicit and does not include clear criteria of prostitution in cases, when a person is accused of pimping, prostitution and other prostitution-related offences. The ambiguity of the terms makes it difficult to define these offences and to distinguish prostitution from erotic measures. Developments of this problem are considered in the article.

Between Shame and Femininity: The Experience of Lithuanian Women Who Have Left the Industry of Prostitution. Ethnographic Field Research

This paper focuses on women who have left the industry of prostitution and is based on ethnographic field studies conducted in several cities in Lithuania. Four women have agreed to share their stories of entering and leaving the industry of prostitution and in all their narratives the core accent was the experience of shame. During the interviews, each of these women had an urge to express the importance of moral virtues in their lives and, as all of them claimed, they felt ashamed because “they have lost their femininity.” It was very important for these women to emphasize that they are not “easy going” or “loose women,” but women who have high moral standards and that entering the industry of prostitution was never the idea of their own, it was rather the consequence of several different factors varying from manipulations of their pimps to their poor social and financial circumstances. It is evident that these 4 women understand femininity as opposed to the work which women in prostitution do (providing sexual service). According to their narratives, women in prostitution, due to the aspect of providing sexual service to many male clients, lose the virtue of femininity, and that is the main factor generating the experience of shame. Due to experience of shame, all these women could not share their traumatic experiences with their families or even close friends. The construction of femininity in Lithuania is heavily influenced by the cult of Mother Mary and the doctrine of innocence. Therefore, the division of women into the categories of the Madonna and the Whore is still very much prominent in the Lithuanian society today. According to the Code of Administrative Offenses, prostitution in Lithuania is categorised as a crime against morality, and both the client and the sexual service provider must be fined. Nevertheless, the data shows that disproportionately very few clients get punished compared to the sexual service providers, mainly women. While non-governmental organisations are putting their efforts to focus the attention of society and the law institutions onto the client and in that way to put an end to the stigmatisation of women in the industry of prostitution, since both the client and the provider of sexual services are needed for the act of prostitution, in reality no social rehabilitation programs in social politics exist for these women in Lithuania today, apart from the help they receive from non-governmental organisations. Therefore, they are left to cope with the traumatic experience on their own, while the stigmatisation of women in prostitutions persists. Empirical material confirms the hypothesis that the experience of shame, which is based on the construction of femininity and the system of moral virtues in the society, reflected in the law defining prostitution in Lithuania, creates certain psychological and social configuration. Due to this configuration, these particular women experience social isolation. Therefore, their rehabilitation from the trauma period is prolonged and new obstacles in achieving well-being in their lives emerge.

GRATIFIKASI PELAYANAN SEKSUAL SEBAGAI TINDAK PIDANA KORUPSI

ABSTRACT This thesis research aims to analyze one of the types of criminal acts of corruption contained in Law Number 31 Year 1999 on the Eradication of Corruption which is amended by Law Number 20 Year 2001, which is about Gratification, in particular the provision of sexual service gifts in some cases of corruption.The issues raised in this study are whether the provision of sexual services received by public servants or state officials can be categorized as gratification and become a criminal act corruption. This study also aims to analyze the provision and regulation of legal sanctions for perpetrators of the gratificationof sexual services in Indonesia This study uses the type of normative legal research (normative legal research) because it is still less clear about the regulation of gratification of sexual services as one of the criminal acts of corruption. The approach used in this study is the approach of legislation and conceptual aproach. Legal sanctions for Civil Servants and State Officials who commit corruption in accepting the gratification of sexual services may be charged under Article 5 paragraph (2), Article 12 letters a and b or Article 12B of Law Number 31 Year 1999 juncto Law Number 20 of 2001 when it meets its elemental elements. As for the gratification giver can be charged with Article 5 paragraph (1) of Law Number 31 Year 1999 juncto Law Number 20 Year 2001 and the sanction that can be applied to the object of sexual gratification law (women giving sex service) can be charged with article 15 Law Number 31 Year 1999 juncto Law Number 20 Year 2001. The recipients of gratification of sexual services and women who become the object of sexual services and the recipients of sexual services may also be charged under article 284 of the Criminal Code of moral decency if both fulfill the elements in the article. Keywords : Gratification of Sexual Services, Corruption, Proof, Legal sanctions

Slaves for Pleasure in Arabic Sex and Slave Purchase Manuals from the Tenth to the Twelfth Centuries

Women probably made up the majority of the slave population in the medieval Islamic world, most of them used for domestic service. As men were legally permitted to have sexual relations with their female slaves, enslaved women could be used for sexual service. Erotic compendia and sex manuals were popular literature in the premodern Islamic world, and are potentially rich sources for the history of sex slavery, especially when juxtaposed with legal writings. This article uses Arabic sex manuals and slave purchase manuals from the tenth to the twelfth century to investigate the attitudes toward sexual slavery during this period, as well as the changing ethnicities and origins of slaves, and the use of legal manipulations.

GEISHA : ANTARA TRADISI DAN CITRA BURUK

Known as a developed and modern country, Japan still preserves traditions imerged and developed since centuries ago. These unique traditions still exist and colour the life of modern Japanese society. One of these traditions that possesed the uniqueness is the life of Geisha . Up till now the life of Geisha is a misterious one and many Japanese people even do not want to know. People outside Japan who do not understand the life of Geisha and Japanese culture consider that Geisha is like a whore. This idea is not entirely true although the profession of a Geisha and a whore is to intertain the guests who hire them. The difference between a Geisha and a whore lies in their training : Geisha should undergo special and phase by phase training. Unlike a whore that depends on her physical beauty and ability to make love, a Geisha not only posseses beautiful physic but she has to posses ability in some tradition ceremonies, conduct and wide general knowledge. Bad impression toward a Geisha is when she did mizuage. Mizuage is to give her virginity to a man that pays her highly. In doing her duty a Geisha does not always give sexual service, but principally she intertain guests by singing, playing musical instrument, dancing, serving tea (cha-no-yu) and chatting with partner. A Geisha gives sexual service only to danna. Pricipally a Geisha can not be called a whore. Keywords : Geisha,Japanese tradition, bad image

DINAMIKA KOMUNIKASI ORGANISASI MASYARAKAT MARJINAL (Studi Pada Komunitas Perempuan Pekerja Seks Yogyakarta)

ABSTRACTProstitution is sexual service for gaining cash. For someone who works in sexual service named as aprostitute or in Bahasa called as Pekerja Seks Komersial (PSK). Nowaday PSK term constructed bypeople to discriminate the sex labor. Sometimes Perempuan pekerja seks (PPS) obtain the negativestreotype from society, because they know as a moral offender in social culture. The term commercialsex worker or “PSK” in Indonesia is one example of a form of community discrimination born of discourse formed by the mass media to women who work as a sex worker. In Special Region of Yogyakarta (DIY) there are some areas that are often the place where sex workers peddle. Namely PasarKembang area or better known as sarkem, the Tugu railway station (Ngebong) and in the GiwangansTerminal. In the three areas there are three communities that become a forum for organizing PPS,among others Bunga Seroja community in Sarkem, Arum Dalu Sehat community in Ngebong and SurtiBerdaya community in Giwangan. The three communities are under the umbrella of an organizationcalled Perhimpunan Perempuan Pekerja Seks Yogyakarta (P3SY) in Indonesia. This paper aims toanalyze what kind of development communication system that attempted to be constructed by female sexworkers in Yogyakarta. The method used is descriptive qualitative. Keywords: Dynamics, Organization Communication and Female Sex Worker

Sex Massage Therapy at Spa: A New Form of Prostitution

Sex massage therapy is a new form of prostitution and it becomes one of the commodities in the sex tourism. Sexual service activities carried out under the guise of massage therapies at spa. This condition will disturb security and order. Prostitution is not just a legal issue, but also a moral issue. Sex massage therapy at spa becomes a form of covert prostitution. Activities sexual services are made as if as a medical therapy by taking refuge in the legal business. Unfortunately, this fake spa is untouched by the law. Lack of law enforcement because many women who want to work as a sex therapist and men who want sex services, while according to Article 296 and 506 of the Penal Code they can not be punished. Weak supervision of law enforcement, government and society also become a factor. Even those are that actually provide protection against the illegal businesses. Efforts to tackle sex massage can be done through penal policy (law enforcement) and non-penal policy, namely by increasing the level of economy and education.