Mesophilic, thermophilic and keratinophilic fungi in a rice field soil and phylloplane fungi

Hongos mesofílicos, termofílicos y queratinofílicos en el suelo y hongos mesofílicos sobre el filoplano del arroz (Oryza sativa) fueron aislados en diversos estados de cultivo y desarrollo de los granos, a partir de un campo cercano a Pavia (Norte de Italia)Los hongos mesofílicos aislados del suelo comprenden 24 géneros con 35 especies, Acremonium strictum y Aspergillus fumigatus fueron dominantes y estuvieron presentes durante todas las etapas de desarrollo del arroz.Cladosporium cladosporioides. Fusarium oxysporum, Penicillium brevicompactum, Phoma fimeti y Trichoderma harzianum fueron aislados con frecuencia.Los hongos termófilos estuvieron representados por 7 géneros y 7 especies. La especie termotolerante Aspergillus fumigatus y la termofílica Thermomyces lanuginosus fueron dominantes.Los hongos queratinofílicos incluyen los géneros Arthroderma,Chrysosporium, Keratinomyces, Microsporum y Trichophyton. Chrysosporium indicum, Ch. keratinophilum fueron dominantes.los hongos del filoplano abarcaron 26 géneros con 48 especies. Los más frecuentes fueron Alternaría altenata, Cladosporium cladosporioides, Epicoccum purpurascens, Fusarium moniliforme y Gibberella acuminata.Comparando los hongos registrados en nuestros anteriores estudios sobre campos de maíz y trigo observamos que entre los hongos termofílicos y del filoplano las especies dominantes eran aproximadamente las mismas: en tanto que los especies dominantes mesofílicos y queratinofílicas difieren en cada cereal investigado

Selection of Phylloplane and Endophyte Microbes as Biocontrol for Rubber Leaf Fall Disease (Corynespora cassiicola)

<p><em>Leaf fall disease in rubber caused by </em>Corynespora cassiicola<em> </em><em>fungi significantly decreases rubber productivity. </em>C. cassiicola<em> causes leaves to fall all year round</em><em>, a delay in the tapping of immature rubber plants, yield decrease of producing plants, and even death of susceptible clones. The study aimed to obtain phylloplane and endophytic microbes potentially to inhibit the disease, was conducted from January to December 2016. The study used randomized complete design to assess antagonistic fungi and phylloplane and endophytic bacterias toward </em>C. cassiicola<em> in isolates obtained through exploration in </em><em>West Java and West Kalimantan. Pathogen isolation showed </em>Corynespora sp<em> with pale brown color, single conidia which slightly bended, shaped like a stick that is swollen at the base, with 2–14 septa. Inhibitory analysis found 42 fungi isolates and 19 bacteria isolates potentially inhibiting </em>C. cassiicola<em>. </em><em>Six fungi isolates have an inhibitory ability of ≥90%, consisting of two phylloplane fungi isolates (DTJF11 and CPSR7) and four endophytic fungi (CEBPM15, CEBPM23, CEBPM27, and CEPR9) with lysis, mycoparasitism, competition, and antibiosis inhibitory mechanism. The identification showed fungi isolate of DTJF11 is classified as </em>Trichoderma asperellum<em>, CPSR7 as </em>Talaromyces pinophilus<em>, and CEBPM15</em><em> as </em>Amanita tenuifolia<em>. </em><em>Potential bacterial isolates as biological agents are BP7, L3, BP3, BP4, BP5 and BP6 isolates, which have inhibitory power of 28.54%–40.94%, with antibiosis inhibition mechanism.</em></p>

Seasonal fluctuations of phyllosphere and phylloplane fungi of Egyptian wheat

Forty-nine species and 20 genera were collected irora the phyllosphere and phylloplane of wheat plants on 1% glucose and 50% sucrose-Czapek's agar at 28°C. The total counts of phyllospbere and phylloplane fungi displayed seasonal periodicities and the highest counts were found in April and May 1977, 1978. In the case of phyllosphere the most frequent species were <i>Aspergillus niger, Penicillium corylophilum</i> and <i>Alternaria alternata</i>; in the phylloplane <i>Aspergillus niger</i> and <i>A. flavus</i>.

Dry season and diurnal surveys of phylloplane fungi of Hevea brasiliensis in Nigeria

Monthly and diurnal variation of phylloplane fungi of rubber (<i>Hevea brasiliensis</i>) leaves were studied over a period of four months in the dry season, using two culturing methods. Composite fungal population was the highest in April and the lowest in February. Serial dilution method recorded the higher number of fungal spores than ballistospore method. Mature leaves were found to have more fungal spores than premature and young leaves. Spore concentration on the leaves showed diurnal periodicity, with peak period of spores between 12-18 hr. Rubber leaves outside the plantation, had more spores on their surfaces than those shaded by the plantation canopy. The factors responsible for these observations were discussed.

Effect of foliar application of culture filtrates on phylloplane mycoflora of mustard

The number of phylloplane fungi/cm² leaf varied insignificantly on mustard leaves treated with the metabolities of <i>Cladosporium cladosporioides</i> and <i>Alternaria brassicae</i>; in the beginning but decreased significantly after about a month. <i>C. cladosporioides, C. herbarum, A. pullulans</i> and <i>E. nigrum</i> were tolerant to ihe metabolites used while <i>T. viride</i> was most susceptible.