A CAMINHO DO LUGAR E DE PASSAGEM: tão perto e tão longe de Vila Mariana

ON ITS WAY AND PASSING BY IT: so close and so far from Vila MarianaEN SU CAMINO Y DE PASAJE: tan cerca y tan lejos de Vila MarianaRESUMOEm direção ao casarão branco, sede do Centro de Estudos da Metrópole (CEM), em São Paulo, curiosa convergência de momentos já havia se instalado no espírito criando expectativas ao novo. O curso e o experimento etnográfico faziam confluir, em simultâneo, três intenções, delineadas na vontade, em tempos diferentes: conhecer melhor alguns bairros paulistanos; visitar a Galeria Jacques Ardies, de arte naif, e a Sociedade Brasileira de Psicologia Analítica, ambas localizadas a pequena distância do CEM. A perspectiva da etnografia urbana vinha desconstruir o modo de olhar a cidade e nela permanecer, e o modo de conhecê-la. Ao estabelecer a observação, leitura e significação de espaços urbanos, a partir da imersão possível do pesquisador no instante presente do lugar social que o constitui, e com base nos achados da experimentação e múltiplas conexões significativas que se desenharam durante o relato do experimento e a reflexão, o novo princípio metodológico vinha engendrar a possibilidade de outras experiências espaço-temporais dos lugares de vida social e de acesso a novos aportes para os estudos urbanos e regionais. Com o relato, objetiva-se compartilhar a nova experiência de olhar para o cotidiano da cidade.Palavras-chave: Observação Etnográfica; Urbanidade; Bairros; São Paulo.ABSTRACTTowards the White House, headquarters of the Center for Metropolitan Studies (CEM), in São Paulo, curious convergence of moments had already settled in the spirit creating expectations for the new. The course and the ethnographic experiment simultaneously brought three intentions, outlined at will, at different times: to know better some neighborhoods in São Paulo; visit the Jacques Ardies Gallery of Naive Art and the Brazilian Society of Analytical Psychology, both within walking distance of CEM. Moreover, the perspective of urban ethnography came to deconstruct the way of looking at and staying in the city, and the way of knowing it. By establishing the observation, reading and meaning of urban spaces, from the possible immersion of the researcher in the present instant of the social place that constitutes it, and based on the findings of experimentation and multiple significant connections that were drawn during the report of the experiment and the on reflection, the new methodological principle created the possibility of other spatiotemporal experiences of social places of life and of access to new contributions to urban and regional studies. The objective is to share the new experience of looking at the daily life of the city.Keywords: Ethnographic Observation; Urbanity; Neighborhoods; São Paulo.RESUMENHacia la Casa Blanca, sede del Centro de Estudios Metropolitanos (CEM), en São Paulo, la curiosa convergencia de momentos ya se había establecido en el espíritu creando expectativas para lo nuevo. El curso y el experimento etnográfico reunieron simultáneamente tres intenciones, esbozadas a voluntad, en diferentes momentos: conocer mejor algunos barrios de São Paulo; Visite la Galería de Arte Naive Jacques Ardies y la Sociedad Brasileña de Psicología Analítica, ambas muy cerca del CEM. Además, la perspectiva de la etnografía urbana llegó a deconstruir la forma de mirar y permanecer en la ciudad, y la forma de conocerla. Al establecer la observación, lectura y significado de los espacios urbanos, a partir de la posible inmersión del investigador en el instante presente del lugar social que lo constituye, y en base a los resultados de la experimentación y las múltiples conexiones significativas que se extrajeron durante el informe del experimento y el Reflexión, el nuevo principio metodológico creó la posibilidad de otras experiencias espacio-temporales de los lugares de vida social y el acceso a nuevas contribuciones a los estudios urbanos y regionales. Con el informe, el objetivo es compartir la nueva experiencia de mirar el día a día de la ciudad.Palabras clave: Observación Etnográfica; Urbanidad; Barrios; São Paulo.

Statistical Regularity of Apollonian Gaskets

Apollonian gaskets are formed by repeatedly filling the gaps between three mutually tangent circles with further tangent circles. In this paper we give explicit formulas for the limiting pair correlation and the limiting nearest neighbor spacing of centers of circles from a fixed Apollonian gasket. These are corollaries of the convergence of moments that we prove. The input from ergodic theory is an extension of Mohammadi–Oh’s theorem on the equidisribution of expanding horospheres in the frame fundles of infinite volume hyperbolic spaces.

Statistical Aspects of Wasserstein Distances

Wasserstein distances are metrics on probability distributions inspired by the problem of optimal mass transportation. Roughly speaking, they measure the minimal effort required to reconfigure the probability mass of one distribution in order to recover the other distribution. They are ubiquitous in mathematics, with a long history that has seen them catalyze core developments in analysis, optimization, and probability. Beyond their intrinsic mathematical richness, they possess attractive features that make them a versatile tool for the statistician: They can be used to derive weak convergence and convergence of moments, and can be easily bounded; they are well-adapted to quantify a natural notion of perturbation of a probability distribution; and they seamlessly incorporate the geometry of the domain of the distributions in question, thus being useful for contrasting complex objects. Consequently, they frequently appear in the development of statistical theory and inferential methodology, and they have recently become an object of inference in themselves. In this review, we provide a snapshot of the main concepts involved in Wasserstein distances and optimal transportation, and a succinct overview of some of their many statistical aspects.

A Quenched Central Limit Theorem for Reversible Random Walks in a Random Environment on Z

The main aim of this paper is to prove the quenched central limit theorem for reversible random walks in a stationary random environment on Z without having the integrability condition on the conductance and without using any martingale. The method shown here is particularly simple and was introduced by Depauw and Derrien [3]. More precisely, for a given realization ω of the environment, we consider the Poisson equation (P ω - I)g = f, and then use the pointwise ergodic theorem in [8] to treat the limit of solutions and then the central limit theorem will be established by the convergence of moments. In particular, there is an analogue to a Markov process with discrete space and the diffusion in a stationary random environment.

A Quenched Central Limit Theorem for Reversible Random Walks in a Random Environment on Z

The main aim of this paper is to prove the quenched central limit theorem for reversible random walks in a stationary random environment on Z without having the integrability condition on the conductance and without using any martingale. The method shown here is particularly simple and was introduced by Depauw and Derrien [3]. More precisely, for a given realization ω of the environment, we consider the Poisson equation (Pω - I)g = f, and then use the pointwise ergodic theorem in [8] to treat the limit of solutions and then the central limit theorem will be established by the convergence of moments. In particular, there is an analogue to a Markov process with discrete space and the diffusion in a stationary random environment.

Security and Surveillance in Times of Globalization

Brazilian geographer Milton Santos is among the most influential theorists in Brazil and in the rest of Latin America yet his work has not until now been popularized in Anglo-American scholarship. Santos created a solid theoretical framework composed by a set of articulated concepts, some of which are discussed in this paper: technical-scientific and informational milieu, technical unicity, convergence of moments, enlargement of contexts, knowability of the planet, contemporary acceleration, psycho-sphere, techno-sphere and counter-rationalities. This article also presents Santos' conception of globalization as fable, perversity and possibility. Through a review of the author's main works, particularly the book Toward an Other Globalization, and through the application of some of his concepts to the analysis of contemporary events, this article intends to offer an introduction to Santos to the Anglo world and to demonstrate how his conceptual framework can contribute to the literature on surveillance and urban security.