A Novel 2-Phase U-net Algorithm Combined with Optimal Mass Transportation for 3D Brain Tumor Detection and Segmentation

Utilizing the optimal mass transportation (OMT) technique to convert an irregular 3D brain image into a cube, a required input format for the U-net algorithm, is a brand new idea for medical imaging research. We develop a cubic volume-measure-preserving OMT (V-OMT) model for the implementation of this conversion. The contrast-enhanced histogram equalization grayscale of fluid attenuated inversion recovery (FLAIR) in a brain image creates the corresponding density function. We then propose an effective two-phase U-net algorithm combined with the V-OMT algorithm for training and validation. First, we use the U-net and V-OMT algorithms to precisely predict the whole tumor (WT) region. Second, we expand this predicted WT region with dilation and create a smooth function by convoluting the step-like function associated with the WT region in the brain image with a 5×5×5 blur tensor. Then, a new V-OMT algorithm with mesh refinement is constructed to allow the U-net algorithm to effectively train Net1--Net3 models. Finally, we propose ensemble voting postprocessing to validate the final labels of brain images. We randomly choose 1000 and 251 brain samples from theBraTS 2021 training dataset, which contains 1251 samples, for training and validation, respectively. The Dice scores of the WT, tumor core (TC) and enhanced tumor (ET) regions for validation computed by Net1--Net3 were 0.93705, 0.90617 and 0.87470, respectively. A significant improvement in brain tumor detection and segmentation with higher accuracy is achieved.

Pelayanan Publik dengan Bus Rapid Transit (BRT) pada Sistem Transportasi Massa di Kota Pekanbaru

Improving public services in the urban transportation system consists of improving transportation facilities and infrastructure, improving inter-institutional relations and increasing human resources. The transportation system for the city of Pekanbaru in 2009 began to apply the concept of Mass Rapid Transit (MRT) under the name busway trans metro Pekanbaru. Over time, the trans metro busway has shrunk to become a regular bus. This can be seen that many MRT public facilities are not maintained and neglected so that public confidence in the MRT continues to decline. Efforts to improve public services on a sustainable mass transportation system in Pekanbaru City through a public service system that is provided in the form of transportation facilities and infrastructure that exist on the trans metro busway system in Pekanbaru City, as well as providing solutions in the form of maximizing an ideal and suitable mass transportation system for the people of Pekanbaru City. With the Bus Rapid Transit (BRT) model.

A spherical rearrangement proof of the stability of a Riesz-type inequality and an application to an isoperimetric type problem

We prove the stability of the ball as global minimizer of an attractive shape functional under volume constraint, by means of mass transportation arguments. The stability exponent is $1/2$ and it is sharp. Moreover, we use such stability result together with the quantitative (possibly fractional) isoperimetric inequality to prove that the ball is a global minimizer of a shape functional involving both an attractive and a repulsive term with a sufficiently large fixed volume and with a suitable (possibly fractional) perimeter penalization.

Studi Karakteristik Masyarakat Dalam Menggunakan Moda Transportasi Bus Eksekutif Surabaya-Madiun

Transportation is very important in accelerating economic, social and cultural growth in a region. Surabaya is the capital of the province of East Java and is the largest city on the island of Java. Surabaya, which is the provincial capital, certainly provides various facilities to serve the community, especially in the field of mass transportation. Several modes of mass transportation that have developed in the city of Surabaya, one of which is a bus with routes to several small cities such as the cities of Madiun, Magetan and Ponorogo. In this study, the authors want to know the characteristics of the community in using the executive bus transportation mode which is considered to have a new fleet with the Surabaya-Madiun toll road. In this study using a questionnaire instrument method with Solvin, Issac micael and Morgan sampling techniques, then analyzed the data using a quantitative descriptive model. From the results of the study, it is known that the characteristics of executive bus users through the Surabaya-Madiun toll road are mostly male, aged 21-30 years, with a high school education background.

Challenges of Low Carbon Public Transport Systems in the Arabian Gulf City: Case of Muscat, Oman

The Arabian Gulf cities are growing. The gulf cooperation council states (GCCs) are among the richest and most urbanized in the world. As a major focus on sustainable development of cities, sustainable transportation acts to diminish the city’s energy consumption by providing a public transport system that has greater ecological obligation and societal justice. The study’s significance is to figure out the challenges in the sector of public transport in the city of Muscat. The wide spread of mass transportation plays a significant role in reducing the exhaustion of energy. Also, it contributes to make a better living experience. Provision of sustainable public transport will prevent the increasing number of motor cars and equally accompanied environmental pollution and traffic congestion. The study is based on an in-depth quantitative and qualitative research method to explore the hindrances that are encountered in the way of building sustainable infrastructure of public transport. The findings of the study revealed that public transport system face real challenges in Gulf region, particularly in Muscat. It indicated that for the well-being of Gulf society, the use of public transportation was encouraged and most of the population have their own cars. In addition to it, cultural and social preservations are raised, mainly by the people that act against the operation of public transport system. Due to the substantial effect of clean and sustainable transportation on energy consumption levels, recent years have been marked with a notable trend towards sustainable and low carbon systems, particularly the mass transportation ones.

Analisis Karakteristik Perilaku Perjalanan dan Willingness to Walk Penumpang BRT Trans Jateng (Purwokerto-Purbalingga)

The increasing need for transportation has prompted the government to provide public transportation to increase mobility and reduce the number of private vehicles. The Department of Transportation of Central Java Province has developed the Trans Jateng BRT (Bus Rapid Transit) mass transportation in the Barlingmascakeb area through activities to improve the Trans Jateng agglomeration transportation service. The BRT that has been operated in the Banyumas area is Corridor 1 on the Purwokerto-Purbalingga route. This study aimed to analyze the characteristics of travel behavior and passengers' willingness to walk. The sampling of the research was random sampling using a questionnaire as the main data collection tool. The results of the discussion of travel behavior in terms of the purpose of the trip were dominated by recreation/shopping and education. The majority of BRT users used public transportation as the mode used before switching to BRT, the connecting mode from home to shelter is dominated by feeders, while from destination to shelter is dominated by walking. The connection distance from the house and from the destination to the shelter is >400 meters. Thus, the majority of respondents came from a buffer range of 0-400 meters. Based on willingness to walk, some respondents walk up to a radius of >400 meters. It is necessary to add more shelter points if the distance between stopping points does not meet the standards and provide better shelter access, especially by walking or using other integrated public transportation.

Computational Assessment of Thermal and Solute Mechanisms in Carreau–Yasuda Hybrid Nanoparticles Involving Soret and Dufour Effects over Porous Surface

Engineers, scientists and mathematicians are greatly concerned about the thermal stability/instability of any physical system. Current contemplation discusses the role of the Soret and Dufour effects in hydro-magnetized Carreau–Yasuda liquid passed over a permeable stretched surface. Several important effects were considered while modelling the thermal transport, including Joule heating, viscous dissipation, and heat generation/absorption. Mass transportation is presented in the presence of a chemical reaction. Different nanoparticle types were mixed in the Carreau–Yasuda liquid in order to study thermal performance. Initially, governing laws were modelled in the form of PDEs. Suitable transformation was engaged for conversion into ODEs and then the resulting ODEs were handled via FEM (Finite Element Method). Grid independent analysis was performed to determine the effectiveness of the chosen methodology. Several important physical effects were explored by augmenting the values of the influential parameters. Heat and mass transfer rates were computed against different parameters and discussed in detail.

Belonging Across the Diaspora

This chapter traces the rise of global Jewish organizations in the nineteenth and twentieth centuries, arguing that such groups helped usher Jews into modernity. This was a period of great technological advancement, in which the rise of mass transportation and mass communication meant that Jews enjoyed unprecedented mobility. Jewish communities also experienced great upheaval, with the breakdown of traditional Jewish institutions, particularly the medieval kehilla. As a response to these changing circumstances, Jews in the United States and Europe established modern and secular organizations and found ways to be Jewish in a changing world. These associations served a range of purposes: fraternal, political, cultural, and memorial. This chapter focuses on some of the most important of these bodies, including the International Order of the B’nai B’rith, the Jewish Labor Bund, and landsmanshaftn, which together helped shape the lives of millions of Jews in the modern period.