WIID Companion (March 2021): integrated and standardized series

This document is part of a series of technical notes describing the compilation of a new companion database that complements the World Income Inequality Database. It aims at facilitating the analysis of inequality as well as progress in achieving the global goal of reducing inequality within and across countries. This new dataset also includes an annual series reporting the income distribution at the percentile level for all citizens in the world, regardless of where they live, since 1950 to present. A previous note described the selection of income distribution series. Since these series may differ across welfare concepts and other methods used, this technical note describes the second stage, constructing integrated and standardized country series. It discusses all the necessary adjustments conducted to construct the final series for each country, with consistent estimates of the distribution of net income per capita over the entire period for which information is available. This is mainly divided into two stages. First, integrating country series by interlinking series that overlap over time, then using a more general regression-based approach.

SISTEM INFORMASI PENGELOLAAN DATA LAUNDRY PADA RUMAH LAUNDRY BEKASI

Laundry house is a business engaged in services in washing and drying, especially clothing. To serve the public in the field of laundry services, the laundry house in managing the data is still done manually and has not been computerized so there are still errors in the transaction process. Problems that occur in a laundry house such as incorrectly recording the type of package, the calculation is still using a calculator tool, in making the report must see the notes that have been collected previously, must see previous records recorded in the ledger, and be vulnerable to losing previous note notes so that it takes a long time and the results obtained are less accurate. The purpose of this study is to build a laundry data management program using the waterfall method which consists of 5 stages, namely, software requirements analysis, design, programming code, testing and support or maintenance. While the data collection is through observation, interviews and searching for literature related to this research so that it can solve problems related to laundry data management activities, especially in the process of receiving laundry services transactions to be more effective and efficient and can improve service to customers. The results of the study show that this laundry data management program can help and simplify the process of receiving laundry services at the laundry house.

Differences of Alexander polynomials for knots caused by a single crossing change, II

In the previous note, Okada and the author gave an approach to give a characterization of Alexander polynomials for knots which are transformed by a single crossing change into a given knot whose Alexander polynomial is monic. In this note, we give a characterization in the case of [Formula: see text], and show that the Gordian distance of [Formula: see text] and [Formula: see text] is two. We also give a characterization in the cases of more three knots.

Probabilistic Models of Melodic Interval

Two probabilistic models of melodic interval are compared. In the Markov model, the “interval probability” of a note is defined by the corpus frequency of its melodic interval (the interval to the previous note), conditioned on the previous one or two intervals; in the Gaussian model, the interval probability is a simple mathematical function of the size of the note’s melodic interval and its position in relation to the range of the melody. In both models, this interval probability is then multiplied by the probability of the note’s scale degree to yield its actual probability. The two models were tested on four corpora of tonal melodies using cross-entropy. The Markov model yielded a somewhat lower (better) cross-entropy than the Gaussian model, but is also much more complex, requiring far more parameters. The models were also tested on melodic expectation data, and on their ability to predict the distribution of intervals in a corpus. Possible ways of improving the models are discussed, as well as their broader implications for music cognition.

Fermat and the difference of two squares

In a previous note [1], Fermat's method of descente infinie was used to prove that the equations.have no positive integer solutions. The geometrically based proof of [1] masked the underlying use of the difference of two squares. In the proofs of this article we shall make its use explicit, just as Fermat did [2, pp. 293-294].We shall use the elementary idea of the difference of two squares to develop a powerful technique for solving equations of the form ax4 + bx2y2 + cy4 = z2. This will then be applied to three problems of historical interest.

Reply

In response to a comment on their previous note about the Voigt line profile, here the authors clarify relevant statements and numeric algorithms in the original note.

Life course of ex-users of a psychiatric day hospital: previous note

ABSTRACTObjective: to outline the life course of mental disorder users who were given care at an extinct psychiatric day hospital, located in the city of Natal (RN). Method: qualitative study which uses the theoretical and methodological reference of oral life history, proposed by Meihy and it will have fifteen ex-users, of the mentioned hospital, as collaborators. The statement collection will occur in July and August 2011, having questions related to their hospital course as guiding instrument. The obtained reports will be interpreted by means of the Thematic Content Analysis. The Project was approved by the Research Ethics Committee of the Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte under the protocol n°38/08 and CAAE: 0041.0.051.000-08. Expected results: to understand the extinction process of a service under the user’s viewpoint; to understand the users´ experience in a substitute service; to stimulate the process of widening and strengthening the substitute service net concerning mental health in the city of Natal/RN. Descriptors: day hospitals; psychiatric nursing; mental health. RESUMOObjetivo: traçar a trajetória de vida de usuários de transtornos mentais atendidos num hospital-dia (HD) psiquiátrico extinto, localizado no município de Natal/RN. Método: estudo qualitativo que utiliza o referencial teórico-metodológico da história oral de vida, proposto por Meihy e terá como colaboradores quinze ex-usuários do HD. A coleta dos depoimentos acontecerá entre os meses julho e agosto de 2011, tendo como instrumento um roteiro com perguntas relacionadas à trajetória dos usuários no HD. As histórias obtidas serão interpretas através da análise de conteúdo temática. O Projeto foi aprovado pelo Comitê de Ética em Pesquisa da Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Norte sob protocolo n°38/08 e CAAE: 0041.0.051.000-08. Resultados esperados: compreender o processo de extinção de um serviço sob a ótica do usuário; compreender a vivência de usuários num serviço substitutivo; estimular o processo de ampliação e fortalecimento da rede de serviços substitutivos em saúde mental do município de Natal (RN). Descritores: hospitais-dia; enfermagem psiquiátrica; saúde mental. RESUMENObjetivo: trazar la trayectoria de vida de usuarios de trastornos mentales atendidos en un hospital de día (HD) psiquiátrico extinguido, situado en el municipio de Natal (RN). Método: estudio cualitativo que utiliza el referencial teórico-metodológico de la historia oral de vida, propuesto por Meihy y cuenta como colaboradores con quine ex usuarios del HD. La recogida de testimonios se producirá entre julio y agosto de 2011, teniendo como instrumento un guión con preguntas relativas a la trayectoria de los usuarios del HD. Los testimonios obtenidos se interpretarán a través del análisis del contenido y temática. El Proyecto fue aprobado por el Comité de Ética en Investigación de la Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Norte bajo protocolo nº 38/08 y CAAE: 0041.0.051.000-08. Resultados esperados: comprender el proceso de extinción de un servicio bajo el punto de vista del usuario; comprender la vivencia de usuarios en un servicio sustitutivo; estimular el proceso de ampliación y fortalecimiento de la red de servicios sustitutivos de salud mental del municipio de Natal (RN). Descriptores: hospitales de día; enfermería psiquiátrica; salud mental.

Modeling Common-Practice Rhythm

THIS STUDY EXPLORES WAYS OF MODELING the compositional processes involved in common-practice rhythm (as represented by European classical music and folk music). Six probabilistic models of rhythm were evaluated using the method of cross-entropy: according to this method, the best model is the one that assigns the highest probability to the data. Two corpora were used: a corpus of European folk songs (the Essen Folksong Collection) and a corpus of Mozart and Haydn string quartets. The model achieving lowest cross-entropy was the First-Order Metrical Duration Model, which chooses a metrical position for each note conditional on the position of the previous note. Second best was the Hierarchical Position Model, which decides at each beat whether or not to generate a note there, conditional on the note status of neighboring strong beats (i.e., whether or not they contain notes).When complexity (number of parameters) is also considered, it is argued that the Hierarchical Position Model is preferable overall.

Conjugation 2: Conjugate lines in a triangle

In a previous note the present author has given an account of the conjugations known as isogonal conjugation and isotomic conjugation with respect to a given triangle and has shown how to generalise the idea of conjugation involving a pair of points so that P(l, m, n) is q-conjugate, by means of a construction involving a transversal q, to the point (p2/l, q2/m, r2/n) and he has also demonstrated how to perform the geometrical constructions involved. When there is a self-conjugate point at the incentre I one has isogonal conjugation, and when there is a self-conjugate point at the centroid G one has isotomic conjugation.