Paesaggi collettivi Il silenzio delle proprietà collettive delle Valli del Germanasca nel Piano Paesaggistico Regionale del Piemonte

Communal land management is a structural element of the Alpine Mountains. In the Valleys of the Germanasca (TO), collective management has been carried out for centuries by means of extensive private shared ownership. These properties materialize the interrelations between the community and territory as identified by the first article of the European Landscape Convention. This contribution puts the theme of collective management of the highlands in the perspective of the recognition, by the urban tools regarding the theme of Landscape, of the “interrelations” between anthropic and natural elements, and in this case with respect to the Piedmont Regional Landscape Plan.

Land Reform for a Landless Chief in South Africa: History and Land Restitution in KwaZulu-Natal

Land claims and contests have been central to the construction of political authority across the African continent. South Africa’s post-apartheid land reform program aims to address historical dispossessions, but the program has experienced numerous obstacles and limits—in terms of pace, communal land access, productivity, and rural class divides. Drawing on archival and newspaper sources, Kelly traces how the descendant of a colonially-appointed, landless chief manipulated a claim into a landed chieftaincy and how both the chief and the competing claimants have deployed histories of landlessness and firstcomer accounts in a manner distinct to the KwaZulu-Natal region as part of the land restitution process.

Challenges and Critical Success Factors for Rural Agrarian Reforms in Limpopo Province, South Africa

The need for rural land agrarian reforms has reached heightened levels in South Africa in recent years. Resultantly, the communal land use effectiveness is questioned due to persistent poor performance and declining agricultural output that fails to address rural poverty and food insecurity. This is one of the major causes of why South Africa's rural economies are generally characterized by stagnant economic growth. This points to deep-rooted and unique challenges that need urgent attention if meaningful support and resilience systems are to be built for rural agrarian land reforms to be realized. The present study investigated challenges and characterized factors that lead to the prosperity of rural agricultural projects in communal land ownership. An exploratory study design was followed, and the data was collected using interviews and focus group discussions from communal farmers and key informants. Data were analyzed thematically with the aid of Atlas. Ti version 8.1.4. “Information challenges” and “water scarcity” describe some of the common challenges faced by rural farmers. Six critical success factors were identified and found to be related. “Effective project management and control” and “improved support from and partnership with local community stakeholders” are success factors that, if targeted first, could address most challenges faced in rural agrarian reforms. The results suggest that partnership with the private sector can help farmers commercialize and move swiftly towards agro-processing. Identified threats and successes must be prioritized in designing and formulating region-specific rural agrarian support programs for communal farmers.

Origins of the Mass Party

This book argues that the mass party emerged as the product of two distinct but related “primitive accumulations”—the dismantling of communal land tenure and the corresponding dispossession of the means of local administration. It illustrates this argument by studying the party central to one of the longest regimes of the 20th century—the Partido Revolucionario Institucional (PRI) in Mexico, which emerged as a mass party during the 1930s and 1940s. I place the PRI in comparative perspective, studying the failed emergence of Bolivia’s Movimiento Nacionalista Revolucionario (MNR) (1952–64), attempted under similar conditions as the Mexican case. Why was party emergence successful in one case but not the other? The PRI emerged as a mass party in areas in Mexico where land privatization was more intensive and communal village government was weakened, enabling the party’s construction and subsequent absorption of peasant unions and organizations. Ultimately, the overall strength of communal property-holding and concomitant traditional political authority structures blocked the emergence of the MNR as a mass party. Where economic and political expropriation was more pronounced, there was a critical mass of individuals available for political organization, with articulatable interests, and a burgeoning cast of professional politicians that facilitated connections between the party and the peasantry.

The Failure of Party Formation in Bolivia

This chapter explores the role of persistent traditional agrarian structures on party organization. Land privatization was considerably less extensive in Bolivia when compared to Mexico. Through agrarian census materials and archival evidence of attempted electoral mobilization and peasant union construction, the chapter show how the regions in the country with relatively higher levels of communal land tenure and strong traditional authority structures were places where it was essentially impossible for the MNR to establish sustainable links to a mass base. In regions with less communal property holding, the MNR developed close links to existing and emerging peasant unions. Ultimately, these regions were not large enough as in the Mexican case to sustain stable party formation.

PROCUREMENT OF ULAYAT LAND FOR SUBSIDED HOUSING DEVELOPMENT IN HARAU DISTRICT LIMA PULUH KOTA REGENCY

Ulayat rights are the rights that owned by a legal alliance, where the citizens of the community have the right to control the land. The Regional Regulation of West Sumatra Province, Article 2 paragraph (1) Number 6 of 2008 concerning Communal Land and Its Utilization states that the main principle of customary land is permanent based on the Minangkabau traditional philosophy “jua ndak makan bali, gadai ndak makan sando” (shall not bargaining; may not be pawned). The provisions of the regulation state that ulayat land may not be traded and may not be pawned, its ownership status may not change, except for importunate situation and condition, namely maik tabujua dalam rumah (for the death of family member), gadih gadang ndak balaki (wedding), rumah gadang katirisan (misfortune), mambangkik Batang tarandam (efforts to enforce). Land acquisition for the construction of subsidized housing is not a land acquisition according to Law Number 2 of 2012 concerning Land Procurement for Public Interest. The formulation of the problems discussed are first, the process of acquiring communal land for the construction of subsidized housing in Harau District, Lima Puluh Kota Regency, secondly the land registration process after the acquisition of customary land occurs, thirdly the legal consequences of acquiring customary land used for the construction of subsidized housing in Harau District, Lima Regency. Dozens of Cities againts customary law communities. This study uses an empirical juridical approach with the aim of finding out whether the law in the book is in accordance with the law in action. The results of the research study indicate that the process of acquiring communal land for the construction of subsidized housing is carried out by buying and selling. The construction of subsidized housing is managed by a legal entity in the form of a Limited Liability Company. The status of land ownership is just as the user of the facility that called with Hak Guna Bangunan