Elimination of Tight Emulsions

Maturing oil fields can pose a severe challenge for separation of oil and water. Increasing water production and tie in of new fields into existing infrastructure may result in separators struggling to meet performance specifications. Operational challenges are particularly experienced when the facilities are processing cold feedstock and tight emulsions. Typical solutions for overcoming separation challenges would be increasing operating temperature, injecting an increased quantity of demulsifier chemicals, or installing new larger separators. These alternatives may not be economically attractive or feasible for other reasons. The ability to successfully operate existing plants with tight and water-rich emulsions without incurring significant added operating expenditure is perceived as a major advantage. This paper will share the results from testing on a separator operating with Flotta Gold crude oil. The oil is known to produce particularly tight emulsions at low temperatures. The ePack technology has been tested to study its capability of separating water and crude oil from tight emulsions by means of electrical forces. The force generated by the high electrical field can break even tight emulsions, and the test results shown have proven the ability to go from very low separation efficiency without the ePack, to more than 90% water removal with the ePack turned on. Testing with residence times of up to 19 minutes without the ePack was not able to surpass the performance of a three minutes residence time with the ePack energized.

A High Electrical Field Effect to Ultrafine Particle Filter Performance on Motor Vehicle Exhaust

In this study, a high electric field generated by direct current was applied to an electrode filter on the motor vehicle exhaust to reduce the ultrafine particle emission. A standard motor vehicle engine in an idle condition with the engine rotation of 1000 rpm was used as the particle source. The aluminum plates with a thickness of 0.15 mm were used as the positive and negative electrodes. They were placed onto an acrylic filter frame and installed on the exhaust. A signal generator producing a high stable voltage (direct current) was applied on the electrodes to produce an electric field. The influence of the applied electrical field on the filter to reduce ultrafine particles was investigated by the reduction of the concentration before and after passing through the filter. The particle concentration was measured using a TSI P-Trak 8525. The experiment result shows that applying a high electrical field on the filter affects to reduce the ultrafine particle concentration with an efficiency of 5% to 47%.

The role of interface between electron transport layer and perovskite in halogen migration and stabilizing perovskite solar cells with Cs4SnO4

A high electrical field in the depletion region causes severe ionic migration, subsequently inducing ionic migration within perovskite films. After Cs4SnO4 modification, ionic migrations in perovskite films are minimized.

The Effect of Mechanical Stress and Surface Tracking of 22 kV Cable Spacer

Surface tracking is one of the causes that degraded the property of cable spacer. This research investigates about the mechanical stress and surface tracking performance of 22 kV cable spacer. Sample were tested according to the surface tracking under IEC 60587 standard under modified condition by and addition of the mechanical weight on the surface of pure epoxy resin sample. The mechanical load use were 0 kg and increase from 5 kg until 15 kg. The results showed that mechanical stress has affected the surface degradation of an insulation performance when the mechanical load is increased combined with high electrical field.