Elimination of Tight Emulsions

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Haakon Ellingsen ◽  
Hikmat Jaouhar ◽  
Andreas Hannisdal
Keyword(s):  
Crude Oil ◽  
Separation Efficiency ◽  
Operating Temperature ◽  
Oil Fields ◽  
Water Removal ◽  
Water Production ◽  
Test Results ◽  
Electrical Field ◽  
High Electrical Field ◽  
Performance Specifications

Abstract Maturing oil fields can pose a severe challenge for separation of oil and water. Increasing water production and tie in of new fields into existing infrastructure may result in separators struggling to meet performance specifications. Operational challenges are particularly experienced when the facilities are processing cold feedstock and tight emulsions. Typical solutions for overcoming separation challenges would be increasing operating temperature, injecting an increased quantity of demulsifier chemicals, or installing new larger separators. These alternatives may not be economically attractive or feasible for other reasons. The ability to successfully operate existing plants with tight and water-rich emulsions without incurring significant added operating expenditure is perceived as a major advantage. This paper will share the results from testing on a separator operating with Flotta Gold crude oil. The oil is known to produce particularly tight emulsions at low temperatures. The ePack technology has been tested to study its capability of separating water and crude oil from tight emulsions by means of electrical forces. The force generated by the high electrical field can break even tight emulsions, and the test results shown have proven the ability to go from very low separation efficiency without the ePack, to more than 90% water removal with the ePack turned on. Testing with residence times of up to 19 minutes without the ePack was not able to surpass the performance of a three minutes residence time with the ePack energized.

scholarly journals Synthesis of Local Demulsifiers and Evaluation in Iraqi Oil Fields

2014 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 294-303
Author(s):  
Zaidoun Kh. Kuraimid ◽  
Azhar A. Sharef ◽  
Buthaynaa Khalil Ibraheem ◽  
Huda Qasism Jebur ◽  
Sameer Hussin
Keyword(s):  
Crude Oil ◽  
Gemini Surfactants ◽  
Separation Efficiency ◽  
Salt Water ◽  
Salt Content ◽  
Petroleum Industry ◽  
Oil Fields ◽  
Separation Function ◽  
Local Material ◽  
Oil Company

De-emulsifiers are one of the important industrial additives used commonly in petroleum industry in order to separate the salt water from crude oil in wet crude oil fields of south oil company (S.O.C) in Iraqi fields. In the present study, it has been prepared local demulsifies by synthesis Gemini surfactants bis (Quaternary ammonium salt). The local de-emulsifier was assessed in the laboratories of South Oil Company (S.O.C) Comparison with the results of commercial de-emulsifier (A), where the local material efficiency was higher than the important commercial (A) adopted in the S.O.C by bottle Test and later was produced (6) barrels of material prepared and evaluated in AL-SHAMIA Degassing station in Iraqi South Rumaila .   Where, evaluated the local de-emulsifier in the fields and show the positive results, this describes the evaluation of field emulsifying the local material in this study with lost cost of preparation of a one barrel about 500$ in the time that the cost of one barrel of commercial de-emulsifier is 1000$.    The assessment was in the conditions of commercial de-emulsifier, depending on the natural of Dehydrator and Desolater in addition of the effective Dose is 25ppm and by 100% separation efficiency in same fresh oil source.    The efficiency of local de-emulsifier studied Varity of parameters like: Temperature and the time required to separation function of the Dose.    The field evaluation conditions of local de-emulsifier were under control outside of the oils (fresh) of D2 (Desolater) of isolation units to examine all of the water and salt content of crude oil.

REHABILITATION AND LOAD TESTING OF A BRIDGE

2016 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Kawan G. Alani ◽  
Abdullah S. Ahmed
Keyword(s):  
Crude Oil ◽  
Structural Integrity ◽  
Load Test ◽  
Oil Fields ◽  
Load Testing ◽  
Test Results ◽  
Repair Work ◽  
Tigris River ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Good Agreement

Al-Fatha Bridge is constructed on Tigris River at Baiji town, about 220 km north of Baghdad. Beside its main purpose of connecting the main highway west of Tigris River with the Kirkuk city, its deck structure is purposely designed to carry pipes conveying crude oil from Kirkuk oil fields to Baiji refinery and to the oil exporting network of the country. During the war on Iraq in spring 2003, the bridge was subjected to an air strike. In addition to the damages caused by the impact and explosion of the munitions, the great fire of the crude oil erupted and lasted several days caused much heavier damages in different parts of the structure. The parts of the bridge damaged beyond repair, were replaced, while the parts which were found to have sufficient structural integrity were repaired. This paper addresses the repair and testing of the most affected span exposed to fire. The efficiency of the repair work had been evaluated by carrying out a load test on the above mentioned span. The deflection at different stages of loading were recorded at specified points and compared with theoretical results. Good agreement was obtained between the theoretical and measured deflections, which prove the adequacy of the repair work. This paper introduces briefly an assessment of damages of the bridge, the rehabilitation work, analysis and load test results.

Demulsification of a Water-in-crude Oil Emulsion with a Corn Oil BasedDemulsifier using the Response Surface Methodology: Modelling and Optimization

2021 ◽  
Vol 14 ◽  
Author(s):  
Abed Saad ◽  
Nour Abdurahman ◽  
Rosli Mohd Yunus
Keyword(s):  
Response Surface Methodology ◽  
Crude Oil ◽  
Water Content ◽  
Response Surface ◽  
Separation Efficiency ◽  
Corn Oil ◽  
Oil Emulsion ◽  
Optimal Values ◽  
Input Variables ◽  
Oil Emulsions

: In this study, the Sany-glass test was used to evaluate the performance of a new surfactant prepared from corn oil as a demulsifier for crude oil emulsions. Central composite design (CCD), based on the response surface methodology (RSM), was used to investigate the effect of four variables, including demulsifier dosage, water content, temperature, and pH, on the efficiency of water removal from the emulsion. As well, analysis of variance was applied to examine the precision of the CCD mathematical model. The results indicate that demulsifier dose and emulsion pH are two significant parameters determining demulsification. The maximum separation efficiency of 96% was attained at an alkaline pH and with 3500 ppm demulsifier. According to the RSM analysis, the optimal values for the input variables are 40% water content, 3500 ppm demulsifier, 60 °C, and pH 8.

Simulation of Local Surface Modification in STM by ab initio Quantum Chemistry

1998 ◽  
Vol 05 (02) ◽  
pp. 493-499 ◽  
Author(s):  
V. S. Gurin
Keyword(s):  
Surface Modification ◽  
Ab Initio ◽  
Physical Nature ◽  
Atomic Scale ◽  
Level Shift ◽  
Electrical Field ◽  
High Electrical Field ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Energy Level Shift ◽  
Ab Initio Approach

Surface modification by means of STM has became a well-known method for the artificial formation of nanometer and atomic scale structures. The physical nature of surface modification can consist in a wide range of phenomena (from mechanical indentation up to specific tip-induced chemistry). The high electrical field at the STM tip is considered to be the main feature of STM modification experiments. The field strength is comparable with intramolecular ones and can influence the chemical bonding in surface structures. The model of STM-stimulated modification is considered using the quantum-chemical ab initio approach for a surface cluster in the high electrical field. The destabilization effect, energy level shift, and bond polarization under the STM tip field occur and can show the atomistic nature of surface transformations in STM.

Additional Engine Testing of an Advanced Alloy for Microturbine Primary Surface Recuperators

2006 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wendy J. Matthews
Keyword(s):  
Operating Temperature ◽  
Engine Test ◽  
Test Results ◽  
Preliminary Estimate ◽  
Parabolic Model ◽  
Scale Growth ◽  
Temperature Oxide ◽  
Model Engine ◽  
Engine Testing ◽  
Elemental Depletion

HAYNES ® alloy HR-120 ® is being evaluated as a replacement for type 347 stainless steel for use in Microturbine Primary Surface Recuperators. The material has been characterized after being subjected to both steady-state and cyclic engine exposure in a Capstone C60 MicroTurbine™ operating at 100°F above the normal operating temperature. Oxide scale growth and elemental depletion has been analyzed and documented after 1,800 and 2,500 hours of exposure. A preliminary estimate of the remaining usable oxidation life has been made using a simplified parabolic model. Engine test results indicate that HR-120 has improved oxidation resistance and elemental stability.

Reporting altered test results in hemolyzed samples: is the cure worse than the disease?

2017 ◽  
Vol 55 (8) ◽  
pp. 1112-1114 ◽  
Author(s):  
Giuseppe Lippi ◽  
Gianfranco Cervellin ◽  
Mario Plebani
Keyword(s):  
Laboratory Data ◽  
Turnaround Time ◽  
Reliable Data ◽  
Test Results ◽  
The Past ◽  
Laboratory Test Results ◽  
Performance Specifications ◽  
Life Threatening ◽  
The Many ◽  
Definition Of

AbstractThe management of laboratory data in unsuitable (hemolyzed) samples remains an almost unresolved dilemma. Whether or not laboratory test results obtained by measuring unsuitable specimens should be made available to the clinicians has been the matter of fierce debates over the past decades. Recently, an intriguing alternative to suppressing test results and recollecting the specimen has been put forward, entailing the definition and implementation of specific algorithms that would finally allow reporting a preanalytically altered laboratory value within a specific comment about its uncertainty of measurement. This approach carries some advantages, namely the timely communication of potentially life-threatening laboratory values, but also some drawbacks. These especially include the challenging definition of validated performance specifications for hemolyzed samples, the need to producing reliable data with the lowest possible uncertainty, the short turnaround time for repeating most laboratory tests, the risk that the comments may be overlooked in short-stay and frequently overcrowded units (e.g. the emergency department), as well as the many clinical advantages of a direct communication with the physician in charge of the patient. Despite the debate remains open, we continue supporting the suggestion that suppressing data in unsuitable (hemolyzed) samples and promptly notifying the clinicians about the need to recollect the samples remains the most (clinically and analytically) safe practice.

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