IDENTIFICAÇÃO DOS CONHECIMENTOS DE MÃES NA PREVENÇÃO DE ACIDENTES DOMÉSTICOS COM CRIANÇAS DA PRIMEIRA INFÂNCIA

Objetivo: identificar os conhecimentos das mães sobre a prevenção de acidentes domésticos infantis com crianças da primeira infância. Metodologia: trata-se de um estudo descritivo-exploratório, com abordagem quantitativa. Foi realizado em um ambulatório de puericultura localizado no Campus do Pici da Universidade Federal do Ceará, na cidade de Fortaleza. A amostra foi constituída por 32 mães. Resultados: o estudo demonstrou que há predominância de acidentes domésticos infantis em populações de baixa renda, escolaridade média, idade jovem e com várias pessoas morando na mesma residência. Percebeuse a necessidade de serem fortalecidos conhecimentos junto as mães sobre prevenção de acidentes domésticos infantis, objetivando assim prevenir a ocorrência de injúrias, podendo ser criados para este fim programas e ações de prevenção. Conclusão:percebeu-se ainda que as abordagens prevencionistas não devem ser pautadas apenas nos agentes lesivos, visto que as variáveis levantadas influenciam umas às outras, direta ou indiretamente, na ocorrência de acidentes domésticos.Descritores: Prevenção de Acidentes; Enfermagem Pediátrica; Cuidados de Enfermagem.IDENTIFICATION OF KNOWLEDGE OF MOTHERS IN THE PREVENTION OF DOMESTIC ACCIDENTS WITH CHILDREN OF THE FIRST CHILDHOODObjective: to identify mothers’ knowledge about the prevention of childhood domestic accidents with infants. Methodology: this is a descriptive-exploratory study, with a quantitative approach. It was carried out in a pediatric outpatient clinic located at the Pici Campus of the Federal University of Ceara, in the city of Fortaleza. The sample consisted of 32 mothers. Results: the study showed that there is a predominance of childhood domestic accidents in low income, middle schooling, young age and several people living in the same household. It was noticed the need to strengthen the knowledge of mothers on the prevention of domestic accidents for children, in order to prevent the occurrence of injuries, and prevention programs and actions could be created for this purpose. Conclusion: it was also noticed that preventive approaches should not be based only on the harmful agents, since the variables raised influence directly or indirectly on the occurrence of domestic accidents.Descriptors: Accident Prevention; Pediatric Nursing; Nursing Care.IDENTIFICACIÓN DE LOS CONOCIMIENTOS DE MADRE EN LA PREVENCIÓN DE ACCIDENTES DOMÉSTICOS CON NIÑOS DE LA PRIMERA INFANCIAObjetivo: identificar los conocimientos de las madres sobre la prevención de accidentes domésticos infantiles con niños de la primera infancia. Metodología: se trata de un estudio descriptivo-exploratorio, con abordaje cuantitativo. Se realizó en un ambulatorio de puericultura ubicado en el Campus del Pici de la Universidad Federal de Ceará, en la ciudad de Fortaleza. La muestra fue constituida por 32 madres. Resultados: el estudio demostró que hay predominio de accidentes domésticos infantiles en poblaciones de bajos ingresos, escolaridad media, edad joven y con varias personas que viven en la misma residencia. Se percibió la necesidad de ser fortalecidos conocimientos junto a las madres sobre prevención de accidentes domésticos infantiles, con el objetivo de prevenir la ocurrencia de injurias, pudiendo ser creados para este fin programas y acciones de prevención.Conclusion: Se percibió también que los enfoques prevencionistas no deben ser pautados sólo en los agentes lesivos, ya que las variables levantadas influencian unas a otras, directa o indirectamente, en la ocurrencia de accidentes domésticos.Descriptores: Prevención de Accidentes; Enfermería Pediátrica; Cuidados de Enfermería

Jiaoyufication: When gentrification goes to school in the Chinese inner city

Gentrification, or the class-based restructuring of cities, is a process that has accrued a considerable historical depth and a wide geographical compass. But despite the existence of what is otherwise an increasingly rich literature, little has been written about connections between schools and the middle class makeover of inner city districts. This paper addresses that lacuna. It does so in the specific context of the search by well-off middle class parents for places for their children in leading state schools in the inner city of Nanjing, one of China’s largest urban centres, and it examines a process that we call here jiaoyufication. Jiaoyufication involves the purchase of an apartment in the catchment zone of a leading elementary school at an inflated price. Gentrifying parents generally spend nine years (covering the period of elementary and junior middle schooling) in their apartment before selling it on to a new gentrifying family at a virtually guaranteed good price without even any need for refurbishment. Jiaoyufication is made possible as a result of the commodification of housing alongside the increasingly strict application of a catchment zone policy for school enrolment. We show in this paper how jiaoyufication has led to the displacement of an earlier generation of mainly working class residents. We argue that the result has been a shift from an education system based on hierarchy and connections to one based on territory and wealth, but at the same time a strangely atypical sclerosis in the physical structure of inner city neighbourhoods. We see this as a variant form of gentrification.

Changes in psychosocial adjustment of adolescents when applying the physical education lessons

The aim of the present study was to establish the changes in psychosocial adjustment of adolescents conducting modified lessons of physical education. The educational experiment was carried out in one Kaunas secondary school. The research was performed in several stages.First, the experimental (n = 185) and the control (n = 192) groups were selected. Then the groups underwent the primary assessment of adolescents’ psychosocial adjustment. Afterwards, the experimental impact (the program of enhancing adolescents’ psychosocial adjustment in the lessons of physical education) was applied on the experimental group and, after concluding the experiment, the experimental and the control groups underwent the concluding testing. 377 students in total took part in the experiment. Classes of EG during the schooling year had modified lessons of physical education twice a week. During the course, they had a theoretical lesson once a month. In the theoretical lessons, students were introduced to the disturbances of adolescent interrelations and methods of their elimination in the process of intense physical activity. During practical lessons, sportive games increasing physical qualities were applied to EG (basketball, volleyball, football) according to the general programs of physical education of Lithuania (2009); besides, Pilates exercises and imitational games strengthening psychosocial adjustment based on role-taking were also applied. CG forms also had two weekly lessons of physical education with the same teacher, the author of the research, but the lessons were not modified and they proceeded according to the General programs of the subject of physical education (General Curriculum of Primary and Basic Education, 2009). For the estimation of the level of adolescents’ psychosocial adjustment, a modified questionnaire by C. Rogers and R. Dymond was applied. Besides the main indices of adolescents’ psychosocial adjustment the questionnaire included other subscales (evaluation of others, emotional comfort, integrity,) which helped reveal psychosocial adaptation of a personality, in order to discover the level of communication skills of the students of middle schooling age, a questionnaire by Miškinis was employed.The repeated research performed after the program of the strengthening of psychosocial adjustment in the lessons of physical education showed that the results of emotional comfort of EG statistically significantly altered; after the educational experiment they showed (62.02 ± 10.33 points) (t = – 3.35; p = 0.001) in comparison with EG results before the educational experiment (58.64 ± 9.02 points). When analyzing the scale of communication we have to observe that EG and CG results before the experiment were similar. It was established that before the experiment, the results of EG (2.01 ± 0.4 points) and CG (1.94 ± 0.3 points) were not statistically significantly different (t = 1.91; p > 0.05). The repeated research applied after the program of strengthening of psychosocial adaptation during the lessons of physical education showed that the results of EG altered statistically significantly after the educational experiment (2.28 ± 0.5 points) (t = –6.30; p = 0.001) in comparison to EG results before the educational experiment (2.01 ± 0.4 points). This means that after the educational experiment, EG students of middle schooling age might communicate easily.It was established that the program of educational devices designed for the improvement of psychosocial adaptation during the lessons of physical education needs to be developed on the grounds of the social learning theory, social cognition theoretical attitude, liberal education paradigm and cognitive theory by applying the rational combinations of: development of positive attitudes towards oneself, social support, problem situation, emotional support, correspondence activities, performance games, operative games, Pilates excercises. It was established that the properly construed and purposefully applied complex of the devices of educational impact during the lessons of physical education influences the psychosocial adaptation of the adolescents: after the experiment in the experiment group, integrity (p = 0.002), emotional comfort (p = 0.001) and the level of communication (p = 0.001) increased statistically significantly.