The Pastoralism in the Silesian Beskids (South Poland): In the Past and Today

The Silesian Beskids (Poland), the westernmost part of the Carpathian Mountains is an area with long pastoral tradition. For centuries sheep grazed in clearings located among forested ridges have been an integral part of the mountain landscape and pastoral customs have become essential elements of regional cultural heritage. In the chapter, the history and the current state of pastoralism in the Silesian Beskids are presented. The specific pastoral system developed in the region, based on annual migration of flocks between summer highland and winter lowland pastures is described. Local breeds and specific regional sheep products are depicted. Furthermore, the importance of pastoralism for the environment, landscape and plant biodiversity is analysed and efforts to recover sheep grazing in the mountains after a period of a deep recession caused by social and economic transitions connected with the collapse of the communist system are presented. The approach to restoration of pastoralism is illustrated using a case study of a pastoral centre which combines traditional sheep grazing with cheese production, education and several activities to promote pastoral tradition.

Mental Health Sciences in Clergy Training and Pastoral Practice of the Church of England

Статья представляет собой обзор основных документов, структур и практических подходов, определяющих место психологии как науки в современной жизни Церкви Англии. Во введении рассказывается о методологии исследования, а также о том, как в Церкви Англии понимается пастырское окормление. Авторы обозначают четыре основных инструмента англиканского душепастырства - совершение общественного богослужения, проповедь, частная исповедь, научение паствы христианской вере вне богослужения. Первая часть посвящена исследованию места психологии в подготовке духовенства Церкви Англии к выполнению пастырских задач. Здесь речь идёт о роли наук о душевном здоровье в системе богословского образования кандидатов в клир, об использовании психологических инструментов в оценке и самооценке кандидатов, включая рассмотрение связанных с душевным здоровьем требований к будущим клирикам, и о психологической составляющей дополнительного образования, которое обязаны проходить все священнослужители Церкви Англии. Во второй части авторы анализируют роль наук о душевном здоровье в практическом пастырстве Церкви Англии, уделяя особое внимание психологическим, богословским, а также юридическим аспектам этой деятельности. Третья часть статьи посвящена внутрицерковному контролю за психологическим и психиатрическим здоровьем духовенства, церковных работников и членов их семей, включая профилактику и коррекцию связанных с этой сферой расстройств. В заключении делаются выводы относительно результатов того подхода к наукам о душевном здоровье, который в настоящее время принят в Церкви Англии. Библиография представлена в порядке хронологии и включает списки изданных документальных источников и ключевой вторичной литературы. The article presents a review of key documental sources, structures and approaches that are characteristic for the psychological science in the Church of England’s practical life. In the Introduction to the article the authors tell about the method they applied in their research and the ways the pastoral ministry is understood in the Church of England. The authors identify four key instruments of the Anglican pastoral tradition: public worship, preaching, auricular confession, and Christian teaching beyond the church facilities. The Part Two is meant to describe the role of psychology in pastoral training of the Church of England’s clergy. It includes the position of the mental health sciences in formal education of the clergy candidates, the use of psychology-based methods in their assessment and self-assessment, and evaluation of the candidates that considers their psychological capacities, as well as mental health agenda within the continuing ministerial development, which is an accepted practice in the Church of England today. In the Part Three the authors analyze the place of the mental health sciences in actual pastoral practices in connection with some psychological, theological, and legal issues. The Part Four deals with the ways of supervision and protection of wellbeing of the Church of England’s clergy, pastoral workers, and their family members, which includes prevention and management of the related problems. In the Conclusion the authors briefly evaluate the effects of the Church of England’s current approaches to the mental health sciences. The Bibliography is ordered chronologically and comprises of the sources and the key secondary literature.

Strayed Cattle

Whitman’s war writings have been criticized on the grounds that he turns to pastoralism to justify the violence of the Civil War. Whitman was in fact intrigued by the pastoral tradition stretching from Virgil forward. Rather than being in thrall to arcadian fantasies, Whitman instead “sees through” (in both senses) pastoralism. His writings avoid romantic claptrap that serves to justify wartime violence. He experienced the war from the vantage points of New York City and Washington, DC, and he shows no yearning for an idyllic rural retreat, nor does he indulge in nostalgia for a lost way of life. Pastoralism often involves the care of cattle, and this chapter probes the ties between African Americans, cattle, and an anti-pastoral tradition.

Our Shared Japan: Contemporary Spaces of Love and Exoticism in Irish Women’s Poetry

The aim of this paper is to analyse the new perspectives on the locus amoenus put forward by contemporary women poets in Ireland, in particular those by the female authors included in the anthology Our Shared Japan, edited by Irene De Angelis and Joseph Woods (2007). This paper argues that these writers provide alternatives to traditional pastoralism that trigger new reflections on women’s identities and subjectivities. As Donna L. Potts asserts, some constitutive aspects of the pastoral tradition are “the relationship between nature and human nature, and between the present and the mythicised past, the motif of transformation, etc.” (9). These aspects will be scrutinised in the context of travel to the new, exotic space of Japan. The alterity that the poetic voices meet with in their travel provides them with new perceptions of themselves and their affective life in relation to the environment. This renegotiation of identity is mostly made through the body, which becomes a tool for knowledge and communication. The heterotopia (Foucault) of the trip, therefore, provides the perfect space for the poetic subjects to interact, change and reflect about their identity, their sense of belonging or alienation and the impact of travel on their emotional life.

Attributes of fixation and transcriptions of pastoral pipe music of Ukraine: from the end of the XIX to the beginning of the XXI century

Pastivnytsia tradition and pipe music, the existence of its plays in the centers of pastoral regions of Ukraine (Carpathian, Volyn-Polissya, Dnieper-East Ukrainian zones) are now in the final stage of its natural functioning, state of preservation and research. In this situation, when the dynamics of the pastoral tradition and its rich pipe music has reached the brink of extinction, there is an urgent need for a frontal review of sources of fixation and methods of reconstruction-strengthening the sound of these unique treasures of our traditional music and instrumental culture. The article presents the attribution and review of the maximum possible volume of recordings of pipe material of the pastoral tradition of Ukrainians, recorded by the author personally against the background of transcriptions published in scientific works and collections in recent years. Comparisons of the layers of pastoral pipe music from the end of the 19th to the beginning of the 21st centuries create an amazing «panorama» of the intonation semantics of flute pastoral tunes of this period.

Women and Genre in Calpurnius Siculus’ Eclogues

This article aims to examine the ways in which the Calpurnian text converses with the earlier pastoral tradition focusing on the women identified in the collection. Leaving aside the mythical female figures who are also traced in the collection (e.g. Pales and Venus), this study focuses on all the female characters mentioned by male figures, trying to show that women in the Eclogues, among other elements (such as subjects, motifs, intertexts, language and style), constitute a significant means by which Calpurnius shows originality and generic evolution.It is argued that the female characters in Calpurnian pastoral are the erotic objects of the herdsmen and the recipients of their songs and in that sense they recall the pastoral tradition (Greek and Roman) that Calpurnius inherited. What is more, they are central metapoetic elements which show Calpurnius’ metaliterary engagement with gender in a collection that stresses the originality of the Neronian pastoral. Most importantly, however, they incorporate features and elements from other literary genres (mostly from Roman comedy and love elegy) and in that sense they constitute a significant means by which Calpurnius maintains the generic tensions employed by his literary antecedents (i.e. Vergil) and broadens the limits of pastoral.

Augustan Romantics

This chapter examines the influence and persistence of the Augustan tradition upon Romanticism. The role of Horace as an occasionally rather vexed model for both movements is used as a lens to view their complex interrelations. It begins with an account of the role of Horatian satire in framing the Romantic critique of imperialism, before moving on to discuss the Romantic pastoral tradition and its debt to Augustanism. The essay ends with an account of the satirical tradition in the Romantic period, focusing in particular on the writers in the Shelley circle and finding, in the later work of Lord Byron, the quintessential Romantic Augustan.