Progress on 3+1D Glasma simulations

We review our progress on 3+1D Glasma simulations to describe the earliest stages of heavy-ion collisions. In our simulations we include nuclei with finite longitudinal extent and describe the collision process as well as the evolution of the strongly interacting gluonic fields in the laboratory frame in 3+1 dimensions using the colored particle-in-cell method. This allows us to compute the 3+1 dimensional Glasma energy-momentum tensor, whose rapidity dependence can be compared to experimental pion multiplicity data from RHIC. An improved scheme cures the numerical Cherenkov instability and paves the way for simulations at higher energies used at LHC.

Simulation and Experiment of Residence Time Distribution in Short-Contact Cyclone Reactors

The Eulerian-Eulerian model and species transport method were used for the residence time distribution (RTD) predictions of the short-contact cyclone reactor. A video camera and colored particle tracer were employed in the experiment. The component concentration distribution and RTD characteristics were analyzed. The results indicate that the vacuum gas oil (VGO) and catalysts flow down spirally along the wall and the gasoline and dry gas are mostly in the central part, so the VGO has more contact time with catalysts than other gas components. The RTDs indicate that there exists vortex, backflow and other secondary flow in the reactor. The simulated results show a good agreement with the experimental data.