3D Ground Response Analysis of Simplified Kutch Basin by Spectral Element Method

The damage pattern observed during the 1819 Kutch earthquake and 2001 Bhuj earthquake of magnitude [Formula: see text] in India implied the significance of the effect of Kutch basin on seismic ground motion. In the present study, the Kutch rift basin is modeled as a simplified rectangular basin of size 150[Formula: see text]km [Formula: see text] 90[Formula: see text]km [Formula: see text] 1.5[Formula: see text]km. The shear wave velocity of the Kutch region varies from 300[Formula: see text]m/s at the surface to 800[Formula: see text]m/s at the depth of 60[Formula: see text]m. Three-dimensional ground response analysis is carried out for the simplified Kutch basin subjected to ricker wave, using the spectral element code SPEED. The soil medium is modeled through visco-elastic soil model, where the damping is represented by Quality factor. It is found out from the numerical analysis that maximum amplification of 3.6 times occurs at the corner of the basin where interference of waves reflected from multiple edges happen. The long period structures with fundamental period in the range of 1.5–2.5[Formula: see text]s located near the basin edge are found to be significantly affected by the basin effect.

Nea Paphos. Seasons 2014 and 2016 Appendix 1: Note on the pottery from circular basin S.1/16 Appendix 2: Glass

Excavation below the ancient ground surface of the main courtyard (1) of the “Hellenistic” House in Nea Paphos proved its construction to be later than the beginning of the 2nd century AD. A large rectangular basin and a smaller circular one were found under the western part of the courtyard and east of it. The larger basin had two phases, the first phase being more than a meter deeper than the second one. Strata under the floors of corridor A and room B were shown to belong to the Late Classical and incipient Hellenistic periods. Exploration also continued of a cistern in the southeastern part of the courtyard and of a well in the northeastern corner of the corridor. The building sequence of the porticoes in the main courtyard was investigated in a probe dug in the southwestern corner of the court, whereas the relation between the large reception hall with mosaic floor (10) and the so-called Roman House was tested in a trench dug in corridor 29. Further fragments of “Nabatean” capitals and other decorated blocks were found in pits that had been cut in the courtyard surface in antiquity. Finally, minor excavation at the southwestern corner of the House of Aion revealed a sequence of floors against the southern elevation of a building uncovered under the late Roman street B.

A TEST OF HANSEN'S METHOD WITH IRREGULAR BOUNDARIES

Free, long seiches in a rectangular basin were simulated with Hansen's method applied in two ways: (1) with the basin boundaries coinciding with the grid coordinate axes, and (2) with the basin boundaries inclined 45 degrees to the grid axes. There was good agreement between the two cases, and with the theoretical solutions.

Numerical Simulation of Wind-Driven Circulation in a Thermally Stratified Flow

The closed water bodies, such as reservoirs and lakes, can be polluted by an inflow of pollutants in the upstream as well as a stratification caused by seasonal natural phenomena. The vertical circulation particularly plays an important role in reducing environmental pollutants. The factors of the vertical circulation are the temperature, wind, thermal diffusivity, sunlight, and so on. The wind is the most significant factor among all possible factors causing the vertical circulation. Thus, it is necessary to describe the validation and application of a three-dimensional numerical model of wind-driven circulation in a thermally stratified flow. In this study, the numerical model is conducted in three steps to calculate the velocity components from the momentum equations inx- andy-directions, the elevations from the free surface equation, and the temperature from the scalar transport equation. The present model was applied to two tests for verification of the numerical accuracy. Numerical results are compared with analytical solutions of the sloshing free surface movement in a rectangular basin and the model is applied to the circulation for the wind-driven flow in a thermal stratification. Consequently, the developed model is validated by two verifications and phenomena of the internal flow.

Large-Scale Circulation in a Rectangular Enclosure With Periodic Boundary Temperature

An experiment in a rectangular basin of water is used to demonstrate that a large-scale circulation will result from a zero-mean thermal forcing. The thermal force is a spatially periodic pattern of heating and cooling at the top surface, achieved with an interdigitated array of hot and cold tubes. The experimental results show a very robust, steady flow with ascending flows at each end of the tank and a single descending jet near the left wall. These results suggest that small-scale forcing in surface-driven flows may result in significant large-scale subsurface motion.