High-technology methods of processing fish raw materials farmed in Astrakhan region

The modern level of development of fish processing technology is analyzed. A number of high-tech processes related to deep processing of aquaculture objects (paddlefish, clary catfish and tilapia), grown in the Astrakhan region, in closed water supply installations, have been proposed for implementation. The chemical composition of fish muscle tissue has been studied. A method has been developed to reduce the microbial contamination of raw materials using a low-frequency electromagnetic field. Methods of electrophysical and gas-liquid processing of raw materials have been adapted to real production conditions. Methods for processing secondary fish resources into edible fish meal and fish oil have been tested using gas-liquid technologies. Methods for processing water and muscle tissue of fish raw materials by electromagnetic and gas-liquid methods are proposed. The chemical composition of fish pates enriched with CO2-extracts was investigated.

The interdependence of hydrochemical and hydrodynamic processes in evaporite oil and gas basins

The article examines the reasons for the formation of vertical hydrochemical inversion within particular oil and gas basins and points out the role of waters of different genesis in the development of this phenomenon. The following processes of reverse hydrochemical zoning in the sedimentary cover are analyzed: thickening of heavy clay strata and the related squeezing of loosely bound waters, dehydration of clay minerals and catagenic fluid generation accompanying the transformation of organic matter into hydrocarbons of the petroleum series. The hydrochemical inversion at great depths is noted to occur and persist in the environment of the passive hydrodynamic regime; in closed water-drive systems, the demineralization of waters with depth causes the decrease in the hydrodynamic potential gradient, determining the migration pattern not only of water but also of hydrocarbons and, consequently, the location of oil and gas accumulation zones.

Fish-water substantiation of the recirculation aqua system for the African clary catfish Clarias gariepinus (Burchell, 1822)

The advantages of Clarias gariepinus over other valuable species of fish raised in closed water supply systems are rapid growth, the ability to obtain marketable products in 6 months, unpretentiousness to the conditions of detention, valuable taste: clary catfish meat contains polyunsaturated fatty acids ( omega-3) and meets the requirements of a balanced healthy diet. The study was conducted on one of the farms for growing clary catfish, which is part of the Union of Aqua Farmers of Ukraine LLC “Aquapromgroup” in the Odesa region. To optimize the work of the farm for growing commercial Claria catfish in ultrasound, the use of polycyclic (8-cyclic) method instead of 2-cyclic, which currently operates, will allow more efficient use of production capacity, technological equipment and sell 127,784 tons of fish, which is 2.4 times more. To implement the technology it is necessary to grow the following number of fish: at the 1st stage – 24000 specimens, at the 2nd stage – 20400 specimens, at the 3rd stage – 17748 specimens, at the 4th stage – 15973 of each of 8 cycles. During the year the farm sells 127.784 copies. clary catfish with an average weight of 1 kg. Farm costs for compound feed: for feed for fry (“Biomar”) – 234432 UAH, for feed for other age groups of clary catfish – 2879860 UAH. The total cost of feed – 3114292 UAH. If all the requirements of the 8-cycle technological process of growing catfish in closed water supply installations (total volume of pools – 131 m3) the cost of 1 kg of fish will be 39 hryvnias, the farm will receive 3960300 hryvnias of gross profit from sales of marketable products, the profitability of production will be 79.5 %. Therefore, during the performance of this work, we proved the advantage of using the polycyclic method of growing clary catfish in closed water supply installations.

Disinfection of Dental Chair Water Using Aqueous Chlorine Dioxide

Chlorine dioxide is a safe, environmentally friendly disinfecting agent. In this study, aqueous chlorine dioxide (ACD) was used to improve the water quality of dental chairs. However, chlorine dioxide is readily released from ACD solutions under open atmosphere conditions. Described herein is a water purification and disinfection system using ACD. The system was designed, fabricated, and integrated into an existing dental chair water system. This system is referred to as an ACD dental chair. Because ClO2 readily degasses from ACD, there needs to be a way to maintain and measure the ACD solution in real time. In our studies, we found that pH and oxidation-reduction potential (ORP) change as a function of chlorine dioxide concentration and are easily controlled and measured. The dosing of the ACD was designed to begin at 800 mV and stop dosing at 810 mV in the ACD dental chair. Through use of this continuous monitoring and automatic dosing system, the water ORP was controlled between 800 and 860 mV. This range is the effective concentration of chlorine dioxide that is without chlorine-like odor and microorganism growth. The ACD dental chair controlled the total bacterial count to <5 CFU/mL and the chlorite concentration was less than 0.0004 mg/L, meeting legal standards of Taiwan, the USA, and China. In addition to the application of ACD in dental chairs, it may also be used in closed water systems for food, cosmetics, beverages, and other industries.

Features of arthropod cultivation in the closed water supply installations on the example of a giant freshwater prawn

The cultivation of arthropods in closed water supply installations is a promising area for the development of commercial aquaculture in Russia. The giant freshwater prawn Macrobrachium rosenbergii is gradually becoming an aquaculture species of great commercial value, since it is the largest representative of its genus. In experiment for the prawn containing 3 tanks of the same size were used. The shrimps in the first tank were fed mainly plant food, but with a small proportion of animal food. In the second tank, animal feed was used. In the third tank, the shrimp diet consisted of 80% balanced artificial feed. The percentage of losses was 30, 20 and 7%, respectively. From the experiment, it became clear that main problems characteristic of all decapods, including the giant freshwater prawn, are the lack of high-quality and balanced artificial feeds, as well as problems associated with a decrease in the genetic diversity of artificial populations, which makes it more difficult and expensive to obtain seeding material. Cultivation of giant freshwater prawn in Russia can be quite cost-effective when using closed water supply installations, however, in order to achieve maximum benefits, it is necessary to develop artificial, optimized feeds designed specifically for crustaceans.

DNA marking of the rate of maturation of gonads in female sterlet x beluga (A. ruthenus x H. huso) hybrid under conditions of recirculation systems

To create a theoretical basis for the development of new technologies for the formation of highly productive sturgeon herds, work has begun on conducting research on DNA - markers associated with economically useful traits. At the first stage of the work, polymorphic regions of the mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) D-loop were investigated in order to search for promising molecular genetic markers associated with the production properties of sturgeon hybrids. Along with point polymorphisms in mtDNA hybrids, variability in the length of the D-loop was observed, as well as the presence of heteroplasmy in length. The length variability of the D-loop is due to the presence of tandem repeating units in multiples of 80 base pairs (bp). Using Fisher’s exact test, it was shown that the proportion of individuals with four tandem repeating units of 80 bp eachsignificantly higher (p = 0.030) in the group of highly productive hybrids. The obtained data suggest that such a trait as the accelerated maturation of female hybrids (A. ruthenus x H. huso) grown in a closed water supply can be associated with the mitochondrial DNA haplotype, in the D-loop of which there are fourrepeating units.

Methods of reduction of interference signals in electromagnetic conductors that measure fluid flow

The pressure in the fluid flow, especially in the pipes of closed water supply systems, is generated mainly by pumps, and the water flow is usually pulsating. Electromagnetic transducers used to measure such nonstationary and pulsating fluid flow rates must have low inertia and high dynamic accuracy. In such cases, the frequency characteristics of electromagnetic transducers that measure fluid flow are their main parameters. It should be noted that the performance of the converters used to measure the flow rate of pulsating fluids should not depend on the change in the distribution profile of the flow velocities, otherwise additional measurement errors will occur. It is used in measuring non-stationary and pulsating fluid flow rates in controlled and controlled technological processes.

Peculiarities of the course of bacterial diseases of rainbow trut in industrial farms of North-West Russia

Currently, in the Leningrad Region and the Republic of Karelia, trout farming is carried out mainly in cage farms, and in recent years, small closed water supply units (RAS) are gaining popularity and are actively used. In the first years of operation, outbreaks of serious infectious diseases occurring in the form of bacterial hemorrhagic septicemia, as well as toxicosis, were observed in such installations. In cage farms, a joint course of bacterial and parasitic diseases is possible. In the course of the work, 11 cage farms in the Leningrad Region and the Republic of Karelia were surveyed, as well as 4 RAS in the Gatchinsky and Luga Districts of the Leningrad Region. The manifestation of aeromonas bacterial and infection and trienophorosis in the cage farm was associated with the growing conditions — high water temperatures, lack of feeding, and the presence of a formed focus of invasion in the water source. In the spring-summer and summer-autumn periods in cage farms, the manifestation of myxobacteriosis caused by Flavobacterium psychrichila is possible. In summer, the danger is a bacterial infection proceeding as a bacterial hemorrhagic septicemia (pathogens — Yersenia ruckeri and Flexibacter columnaris). In autumn, outbreaks of pseudomonosis are possible in cage farms. The causative agent is Pseudomonas fluorescens. However, it is also possible to find Pseudomonas putida, which is more characteristic of cyprinids. In the RAS, the death of fish was caused by mixed infections. The causative agents are Yersenia ruckeri and Carnobacterium piscicola; bacteria of the genera Flavobacterium and Aeromonas. Such a complex of aeromonads with flavobacteria is characterized by increased aggressiveness and can cause a serious septic infection. Timely measures taken, including the normalization of housing and feeding conditions, as well as therapeutic and prophylactic measures, made it possible to suppress the development of infections, toxicosis and improve the condition of fish on these farms.

DETERGENT PRODUCTION TECHNOLOGY

Работа предназначена для комплексного решения задач синтетического моющего производства: Обеспечение качества мойки, очистки. Каждая из этих проблем требует соблюдения соответствующих физико-химических параметров раствора, подходящих, с одной стороны, для образования мицеллы (при промывке), с другой - для разрушения коллоидной структуры раствора и выделения поверхностно-активных веществ (ПАВ) и загрязняющих веществ при очистке сточных вод. В работе изучены условия электрохимической обработки моющих растворов для повышения качества мойки и эффективной очистки. Полученные результаты позволили представить технологическую технологию, основанную на замкнутом круговороте воды. В качестве регулирующего агента рекомендуется использовать электролиты, которые обеспечивают дезинфекцию моющих растворов без значительной минерализации. The work is intended for a comprehensive solution of the problems of synthetic detergent production: Ensuring the quality of washing and cleaning. Each of these problems requires compliance with the appropriate physical and chemical parameters of the solution, suitable, on the one hand, for the formation of micelles (during washing), on the other - for the destruction of the colloidal structure of the solution and the release of surfactants (surfactants) and pollutants during wastewater treatment. The paper studies the conditions of electrochemical treatment of cleaning solutions to improve the quality of washing and effective cleaning. The results obtained allowed us to present a technological technology based on a closed water cycle. As a regulating agent, it is recommended to use electrolytes that provide disinfection of cleaning solutions without significant mineralization

Modeling of wave processes in closed water areas of shallow water areas

The article presents the developed non-stationary two-dimensional hydrostatic model of wave propagation in the water area of the port of the Bay of Five Hunters, protected by a coastal protection structure in the form of a jetty. The tasks of the work included the development of a model based on the Navier-Stokes and continuity equations and a long-range assessment of the possible impact of the wave situation on marine objects in the port area. At present, the provision of hydrometeorological predictive information is one of the most important factors in the effective operation of port waters. The results are presented graphically using a geographic information system, where different wave heights and maximum wave amplitudes are displayed using a color palette. The consistency of the obtained results is shown, and refraction, diffraction, and interference are noted for the incoming wavefront.