STATUS ANAK NIKAH SIRI ( PERSPEKTIF HUKUM ISLAM DAN HUKUM POSITIP )

Marriage is something sacred act, meaningful worship to Allah SWT, following the sunnah of the Prophet and done with conscious and sincerity. Siri marriages very existence from time to time which basically aims to keep the wedding so that there are certain parties who are not known to the nuptials. Meaning of siri marriage meaning of the context of Islamic teachings therein are substantively wedding deficiencies terms and harmonious marriage although secara formal met. Series called marriage because marriage was held in secret, closed, secretive and furtive without any publicity. Even appearancesiri marriages increasingly prevalent done for a reason, without a guardian of women and even without witness and without parental female consent. a marriage is parties like this are not legitimate religion let alone legally State, Even though in practice there are many people who still distinguish where the wedding according to Islamic law and where the marriage according to the legal terms used by the people of Indonesia. Siri marriage is a marriage that makes the vagueness of the law in Indonesia is because the loss of my wife and child rights. Marriages must be justified by religion and law are positive, for the sake of administrative order and kemashlahatan people.

Differences in bioaccumulation and transfer ability between tributyltin and triphenyltin from parental female to offspring in viviparous surfperch Ditrema temmincki

To examine the risk of transgenerational transfer of organotin compounds (OTs) in fish, tributyltin (TBT) and triphenyltin (TPT) compounds and their breakdown products were determined in both parental females and offspring of viviparous surfperch Ditrema temmincki collected from Japanese coastal waters. TBT concentrations (Mean ± SD) in the offspring (34 ± 5.7 ng Sn g−1 wet wt) were significantly higher (10–17 times) than in the parental females (2.8 ± 1.0 ng Sn g−1 wet wt). In the offspring, TBT was the predominant butyltin compound (82 ± 1.6% ∑BTs = TBT + DBT + MBT), and represented a greater proportion than in the parental females (51 ± 9.3% as TBT). TPT concentrations were significantly lower than TBT, and the ratio of TPT in parental females, relative to offspring, was different from TBT. TPT concentrations in the offspring (0.8 ± 0.3 ng Sn g−1 wet wt) were almost identical to those in the parental females (1.0 ± 0.5 ng Sn g−1 wet wt). TPT was the predominant phenyltin (∑PTs = TPT + DPT + MPT) in both offspring (73 ± 12% as TPT) and parental females (72 ± 18% as TPT). Results suggest that the transfer rate of TBT from parent to offspring could be much faster than its degradation rate in the offspring, accounting for higher accumulation of TBT in the latter. In contrast, the transfer rate of TPT is slower than its biodegradation, leading to a lower concentration of TPT in the offspring. It is therefore likely that the offspring might be at a higher risk from TBT than the parental females during their early growth stage in ovary in the viviparous surfperch whereas exposure to TPT is comparable in both generations.

Varied expression of a Y-linked P[w+] insert due to imprinting in Drosophila melanogaster

During gametogenesis, a gene can become imprinted affecting its expression in progeny. We have used the expression of a Y-linked P[w+]YAL transposable DNA element as a reporter system to investigate the effect of parental origination on the expression of the w+ insert. Expression of w+ was greater in male progeny when the Y chromosome, harboring the insert, was inherited from the parental male rather than from the parental female. Imprinting was not due to a genetic background influence in the males, since the only difference among the males was the parental origin of the Y chromosome. It was also observed that the genetic background can affect imprinting, since w+ expression was also higher in males when the Y was derived from C(1)DX attached-X parental females rather than from C(1)RM attached-X parental females. Though the heterochromatic imprinting mechanism is unknown, a mutated Heterochromatin Protein 1 (HP1) gene, which is associated with suppression of position-effect variegation, increases expression of the w+ locus in the P[w+]YAL insert, indicating that HP1 may play a role in Y chromosome packaging. Key words: Drosophila melanogaster, heterochromatin, HP1, imprinting, P-element, Y chromosome.