Penegakan Hukum Lingkungan Terhadap Pencemaran Daerah Aliran Sungai Krueng Teunom (Studi Kasus Merkuri di Kecamatan Teunom Kabupaten Aceh Jaya)

Perlindungan dan pengelolaan lingkungan hidup merupakan upaya sistematis dan terpadu guna melestarikan fungsi lingkungan hidup dan mencegah akan terjadinya pencemaran dan/atau kerusakan lingkungan hidup. Dilakukan melalui tindakan penataan, pemanfaatan, pengembangan, pemeliharaan, pemulihan, pengawasan dan penegakan hukum. Penelitian ini bertujuan menjawab permasalahan : Pertama, bagaimana penegakan hukum lingkungan menurut Undang-undang Nomor 32 Tahun 2009 tentang Perlindungan dan Pengelolaan Lingkungan Hidup di daerah aliran sungai Krueng Teunom. Kedua, bagaimana upaya-upaya yang dilakukan oleh LSM di Aceh terhadap dampak penegakan hukum pencemaran daerah aliran sungai Krueng Teunom. Ketiga, faktor apakah yang menjadi penghambat dalam penegakan hukum terhadap pencemaran daerah aliran sungai Krueng Teunom. Penelitian ini menggunakan jenis penelitian yuridis empiris. Teknik pengumpulan data yaitu dengan studi dokumen, wawancara, dan dokumentasi. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa pertama, telah terjadi penegakan hukum lingkungan terhadap pencemaran daerah aliran sungai Krueng Teunom. Kedua, LSM telah melakukan upaya-upaya seperti mendesak pemerintah agar segera menangani pencemaran merkuri dan mendesak Pemerintah Daerah Aceh (Pemda) untuk melakukan penelitian terhadap baku mutu air. Ketiga, adanya tarik menarik kepentingan antara Pemda Aceh Jaya dengan para pengusaha. Adapun saran dari peneliti khususnya kepada Pemerintah Aceh Jaya agar selalu melakukan sosialisasi mengenai dampak dari pencemaran daerah aliran sungai. Kemudian kepada LSM yang ada di Aceh Jaya agar mengawal Pemerintah dalam hal penegakan hukum terhadap pencemaran daerah aliran sungai, dan untuk mahasiswa agar meneliti lebih lanjut tentang pencemaran daerah aliran sungai Krueng Teunom dari sudut pandang yang bertentangan dengan Undang-undang.

MENYOROT PERTIMBANGAN HAKIM PENGADILAN AGAMA GORONTALO DALAM MENETAPKAN AHLI WARIS PADA PERKARA SENGKETA WARIS

ABSTRACTThis study aims to determine how the process of settling the warsis expert (PAW) in the Gorontalo Religious Court; and what was the judge's consideration in completing the Inheritance Petition (PAW) at the Gorontalo Religious Court. The method used in this research is descriptive qualitative analysis method with a qualitative approach. Qualitative research is a research procedure that produces descriptive data in the form of written or spoken words from people and observed behavior. The results of this study indicate that the settlement process of Inheritance Designation (PAW) at the Gorontalo Religious Court has been carried out with the applicable procedures and conditions based on statutory regulations. Applications for the determination of heirs and cases of claim for inheritance must be seen whether the formal requirements have been fulfilled or not, match or not with the family tree of the kelurahan. If it is not suitable, the judge will be rejected (NO) to continue the case. The judges' considerations in making the decision were: the heir had died; the heirs exist and are still alive; mentioning the interests of the applicant in his application. Basically, the benchmarks of the judge in making his decision must take into account the legal facts revealed in the trial, also pay attention to aspects of justice and benefit for the parties concerned, pay attention to the applicable rules and noble values that develop in society.Keywords: Judge's Consideration, Gorontalo Religious Court, Inheritance ABSTRAK Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui bagaimanakah proses penyelesaian penetapan ahli warsis (PAW) di Pengadilan Agama Gorontalo; dan bagaimana pertimbangan hakim dalam penyelesaian Petapan Ahli Waris (PAW) di Pengadilan Agama Gorontalo. Metode yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah metode analisis diskriptif kualitatif dengan pendekatan kualitatif. Penelitian kualitatif adalah prosedur penelitian yang menghasilkan data deskriptif berupa kata-kata tertulis atau lisan dari orang-orang dan perilaku yang diamati. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa proses penyelesaian Penetapan Ahli Waris (PAW) di Pengadilan Agama Gorontalo telah dilakukan dengan prosedur dan syarat-syarat yang berlaku berdasarkan aturan perundang-undangan. Permohonan penetapan ahli waris dan perkara gugat waris harus dilihat apakah syarat formilnya sudah terpenuhi atau tidak, cocok atau tidak dengan silsilah keluarga dari kelurahan. Bila tidak sesuai maka hakim akan ditolak (NO) untuk melanjutkan perkara tersebut. Pertimbangan hakim dalam menjatuhkan penetapannya yaitu: pewarisnya sudah meninggal; ahli warisnya ada dan masih hidup; menyebutkan kepentingan pemohon dalam permohonannya. Pada dasarnya tolak ukur hakim dalam menjatuhkan putusannya harus dengan mempertimbangkan fakta-fakta hukum yang terungkap dalam persidangan, juga memperhatikan aspek-aspek keadilan dan kemanfaatan atas bagi para pihak yang terkait, memperhatikan aturan-aturan yang berlaku dan nilai-nilai luhur yang berkembang dalam masyarakat.Kata Kunci: Pertimbangan Hakim, Pengadilan Agama Gorontalo, Ahli Waris

EXECUTION OF PENGADILAN TATA USAHA NEGARA JUDGES VERDICT FOR PDAM TIRTA DAROY BANDA ACEH TECHNICAL DIRECTOR DISMISSAL DISPUTE Judge Case Study Decision Number 05 / B / 2015 / PT.TUN-MDN

Execution of Pengadilan Tata Usaha Negara (PTUN) judges verdict in some nation administrative dispute resolution practice in Indonesia have not been properly implemented due to the absence of an executorial Instution as well as a strong legal basis lead to weak force power for verdict of the PTUN. Undang-undang Peradilan Tata Usaha Negara also do not explicitly and clearly regulate the issue of force of verdict PTUN and the execution of the verdict really depends on the goodwill of the Tata Usaha Negara Entity or Officials in obeying the law. How was the execution of the PTUN judges verdict? What was the reason for the unexecuted judges verdict? So that we can find out how the judges verdict was executed and the reasons why the judges verdict was not executed. We use sociological research method to search what happened. Executor of a decision required to overcome and minimize the PTUN judges verdict that was not executed as well as improvements to the basis of the Law which is more concrete and forces the execution of PTUN judges verdict so that no party were harmed. Pelaksanaan putusan hakim Pengadilan Tata Usaha Negara dalam praktek penyelesaian sengketa Administrasi negara di Indonesia sebahagiannya belum terlaksana sebagaimana semestinya yang disebabkan ketiadaan lembaga eksekutorial, maupun landasan hukum yang kuat mengakibatkan putusan Pengadilan Tata Usaha Negara tidak mempunyai daya paksa. Undang-undang Peradilan Tata Usaha Negara pun tidak mengatur dengan tegas dan jelas mengenai masalah daya paksa putusan Pengadilan Tata Usaha Negara, sehingga dalam pelaksanaan Putusan benar-benar tergantung pada iktikad baik Badan atau Pejabat Tata Usaha Negara dalam mentaati hukum. Bagaimana pelaksanaan putusan hakim PTUN.? Apa sebab tidak terlaksananya eksekusi putusan hakim tersebut? Sehingga dapat mengetahui bagaimana pelaksanaan putusan hakim dan sebab mengapa tidak terlaksananya putusan hakim tersebut. Dalam meneliti sengekta ini penulis menggunakan metode (Sosiologis research) lebih kepada penelitian lapangan apa yang terjadi, untuk mengatasi dan meminimalisir putusan hakim PTUN yang tidak terlaksana diperlukan adanya eksekutor putusan, serta perbaikan pada landasan Undang-Undang yang bersifat lebih konkrit dan memaksa Pelaksanaan putusan hakim PTUN sehingga tidak ada pihak yang dirugikan.

SELL AND BUY TRANSFER OF MOTORCYCLE WITH ADVANTAGES OF A MUAMALAH FIQH PERSPECTIVE (Case Study In Ingin Jaya Districts Aceh Besar District)

Buying and selling over motorcycle financing with profits in the District of Ingin Jaya, namely by transacting motorbikes that are still in financing by obtaining profits and this has become a habit for the people of the Ingin Jaya community. for this reason, the sellers and buyers need to know how the practice of buying and selling over motorcycle financing with profits that are in accordance with the perspective of the sale al-ba’i and hiwalah. In this study the authors used a descriptive analysis research method based on data obtained from interviews with Yamaha Sales Executive, Second Motorbike business owner Umar Matang and buyers from the general public which included transaction procedures and understanding in the agreement to set prices until the transfer was made. The results show the agreement between the seller and the buyer is based on a sense of willingness and an element of help on the condition that the leasing company that provides financing know and approves the transfer is made. And the buyer of the transferred motorbike of the Financing negotiates the transfer price with the first owner and later the buyer of the second motorbike will continue the remaining deposit. From the perspective of the Hiwalah and al-ba'i and Al-Milk At-Tamm contracts, the transfer and sale and purchase transactions that occur are very much in accordance with the concept of Hiwalah, al-ba'i, and complete ownership requirements (Al-Milk At-Tamm) in fiqh muamalah, and also the profits obtained are considered legitimate in buying and selling because the profits are obtained from goods that have clear ownership and are known between the two so that neither party is injured. The transaction has also become a good habit for the people of the District of Ingin Jaya.

UMROH AS THE REASON FOR UNILATERAL TERMINATION OF EMPLOYMENT BY PT. DARUSSALAM BERLIAN MOTOR FROM THE PERSPECTIVE OF IJĀRAH BI AL-‘AMAL (Verdict Case Study No. 1/Pdt.Sus-PHI/2019/PN Bna)

PT. Darussalam Berlian Motor has terminated one of its employees on the grounds of performing the umroh. However the company/defendant argued that the employee/litigant had left their job without even notifying the defendant in advance. The defendat also explained that during their tenure, the litigant often made serious mistakes. On contrary, due to the serious mistakes that had been committed before, the defendant did not terminate the employment contract and the action was only taken when the litigant performed umroh in the holy land. The question in this research is how the judge considers the unilateral termination of employment experienced by the employee and what are the factors that cause the judge to grant the litigant’s claim. And how is the perspective of Ijārah bi al-‘Amal contract against the judge’s decision regardimg the grant of the litigant’s claim. In this research the authors used normative legal research method that analyzed the judge’s decree No. 1/Pdt.Sus-PHI/2019/PN Bna with qualitative approach. The judge in his decree considered thet the termination of employment on the grounds that the litigant had committed serious problems could not be considered because it was not in accordance with the applicable law. As for the factors that caused the judge to grant the litigant’s claim, due to the absence of evidence of a second PKWT contract between the litigant and the defendant, that’s why the previously PKWT contract changed to PKWTT contract. In Islamic law, when ones terminating a work relationship a company can perform fasakh through urbun which has similarities with the obligation to pay severance pay. From the explanation above, it can be concluded that unilateral termination of employment cannot be justified and does not have a string legal force.

EKSEKUSI HUKUMAN QISAS ANTARA TEORI DAN IMPLEMENTASI (Studi Perbandingan Mazhab Hanafi dan Mazhab Syafi’i)

Kajian ini membahas konsep maqashid syari’ah yang berhubungan dengan perlindungan terhadap jiwa manusia, yang dimana setiap pelaku kejahatan terhadap jiwa dikenakan hukuman qisas. Tema ini selalu menjadi pembahasan yang menarik dari kalangan sarjana muslim dan barat, berkaitan dengan term qisas serta implementasinya bagi negara yang menerapkannya. Tulisan ini menggunakan metode analisis komparatif yang bersumber pada data kepustakaan. Dari analis penulis, ditemukan adanya perbedaan pandangan antara ulama Hanfiyah dan ulama Syafi’iyah dalam konsep pelaksanaan eksekusi hukuman qisas. Perbedaan terdapat pada media atau alat yang digunakan dalam menjalankan eksekusi hukuman qisas. Ulama Hanafiyah berpendapat bahwa media pedang sebagai alat yang wajib digunakan dalam menjalankan hukuman qisas. Sedangkan ulama Syafi’iyah mengartikan dalil-dalil yang menjadi rujukan qisas, tidak hanya terbatas pada media pedang, namun tergantung pada media yang digunakan pelaku dalam menjalankan tindak pidananya.

PREWEDDING PHOTO PROCESSION AND THE ROLE OF THE FAMILY IN THEM

In Islamic law, pre-wedding photos have not been regulated in detail. However, pre-wedding photo activities have become commonplace by the community. It becomes a problem when pre-wedding is currently done with an intimate scene, usually the prospective bride uses sexy clothes and is also not accompanied by her mahram when doing pre-wedding photos. Even though there have been many fatwas and studies on the limits of permissibility and prohibition in the pre-wedding procession.The results show that the pre-wedding procession that is carried out by the community in terms of poses, clothes, and also assistance in accordance with Islamic law, the law is permissible. However, it often happens in the community to take photos before the marriage contract with scenes as if they are legally husband and wife and the bride's family knows without prohibiting, directing, and guiding them according to Islamic teachings. In this case the role of the family is very important, we as parents must understand the basis of religious knowledge and how to instill religious values in our children since childhood is the key to this problem dilemma.

MEDIATION SYSTEM IN DISPUTES OF OWNERSHIP PERSFECTIVE ACADEMIC ISLĀḤ (A Research in Aceh Besar)

This article will explain how the authority of village officials in resolving disputes over ownership of aid houses is mediated? To answer the problem above, the writer uses the descriptive analysis research method, where the data obtained is sourced from observations, interviews, photoshoots, document analysis, and field notes compiled by the writer at the research location which is not set forth in the form of figures. From the results of the study it can be seen that based on Aceh Qanun Number 9 of 2008 concerning the Development of Customary Life and Customs where village officials have the authority to reconcile disputes that occur within the community by deliberation / mediation and one of the village apparatuses that mediates the parties who disputes to end their disputes peacefully. The consequence of the mediation decision is the termination of the dispute that occurred and the parties agreed to make peace by making a peace agreement and carrying out the agreement accordingly. The concept of mediation in positive law is no different from the concept of iṣlāḥ in Islamic law which involves a third party to reconcile the disputing parties. The content of the agreement of the mediation that has been carried out by the parties, is allowed in Islamic law because the purpose of iṣlāḥ or mediation is to end the dispute.

URGENCY OF RUNNING HANDLING IN DIVORCE CASE (Study of the Circuit Court Program at the Jantho Syar'iyyah Court)

According to a 2007 study, the poor face major financial barriers to accessing the Religious Courts relating to court fees and transportation costs to come to court. The Supreme Court responded to these findings by paying great attention to the holding of circuit courts and waiving court fees with the Prodeo process. This response is manifested in the Supreme Court Circular (SEMA) Number 10 of 2010 concerning Guidelines for Legal Aid, which is divided into two attachments, namely attachment A for the General Courts and Annex B for the Religious Courts. Based on data from the Syar'iyah Jantho Court, the divorce case that occurred in Aceh Besar District was classified as high. The divorce rate is the number registered with the Jantho Syar'iyah Court, not including those who are not registered or divorce in secret without being registered with the Jantho Syar'iyah Court. Because traditionally, many people divorce without registering with the Syar'iyah Court, especially those whose social, educational and economic status is middle to lower, coupled with the long distance between their homes and the Syar'iyah Court. Therefore, the problems in this thesis are how the circuit court procedure in divorce cases at the Jantho Syar'iyah Court, how the community's participation in the implementation of circuit courts in divorce cases at the Jantho Syar'iyah Court and how the influence of circuit courts in the social life of the community. With the method of field research (field research) conducted at the Syar'iyah Jantho Court, the result of the research is that the procedure for conducting a circuit court consists of pre-trial stages, namely case registration, appointment of a panel of judges (PMH), appointment of a substitute clerk (PP) and a substitute bailiff. (JSP), Determination of Session Day (PHS), and Summons of the parties. The second stage of the trial is peace efforts, reading of lawsuit / petition, answer-answer, verification, deliberation of the panel of judges, reading of decisions / decisions, implementing the divorce vow and submitting divorce certificates. Insofar as it is implemented, community participation is very high so that it affects public awareness that the termination of a marriage relationship is very important to obtain legal certainty.

BIRTH RECORDING ACCORDING TO ARTICLE 31 QANUN ACEH BARAT DAYA NO. 13 of 2012 CONCERNING THE IMPLEMENTATION OF POPULATION ADMINISTRATION (Case Study in Gampong Gunung Samarinda, Babahrot District Regency. Aceh Barat Daya)

Dalam pemenuhan hak dan kewajiban penduduk Kabupaten Aceh Barat Daya di bidang pendaftaran penduduk dan catatan sipil, maka diperlukan pengaturan secara komprehensif untuk menjadi pegangan dan pedoman bagi seluruh aparatur pemerintah Kabupaten Aceh Barat Daya sebagaimana telah diatur di dalam Qanun Kabupaten Aceh Barat Daya Nomor 13 Tahun 2012 tentang Penyelenggaraan Administrasi Kependudukan. Pertanyaan penelitian dalam skripsi ini adalah bagaimana implementasi Pasal 31 Ayat (1) Qanun Aceh Barat Daya Nomor 13 Tahun 2012 Tentang Penyelenggaraan Administrasi Kependudukan dan faktor-faktor apa saja yang menjadi kendala dalam implementasi Pasal 31 Ayat (1) Qanun Aceh Barat Daya Nomor 13 Tahun 2012 Tentang Penyelenggaraan Administrasi Kependudukan di Gampong Gunung Samarinda. Metode penelitian yang digunakan adalah metode kualitatif. Jenis penelitian ini adalah penelitian hukum sosiologis. Sumber data yang digunakan adalah data primer, data sekunder dan tersier. teknik pengumpul data digunakan observasi, angket dan wawancara. Hasil penelitian ditemukan bahwa dalam hal pengurusan akta kelahiran masih banyak masyarakat Gampong Gunung Samarinda yang belum memiliki akta kelahiran yaitu dari 1.838 orang hanya 880 orang yang memiliki akta kelahiran dan 958 orang yang belum memiliki akta kelahiran. Kesadaran masyarakat Gampong Gunung Samarinda dalam hal pembuatan akta kelahiran masih kurang. Dengan demikian, implementasi pasal 31 Qanun Aceh Barat Daya Nomor 13 Tahun 2012 Tentang Penyelenggaraan Administrasi Kependudukan di Gampong Gunung Samarinda belum berjalan maksimal artinya Qanun tidak berjalan sesuai yang diharapkan karena masih banyak masyarakat yang belum memiliki akta kelahiran, faktor-faktor yang mempengaruhi pelaksanaan pembuatan akta kelahiran yaitu pada umumnya kesadaran masyarakat untuk mengurus akta kelahiran sangat kurang dan juga faktor sulitnya birokrasi serta banyaknya biaya yang dikeluarkan dalam pembuatan akta kelahiran dikarenakan jarak tempuh yang jauh.