Nanoparticle Liposomes: a New Strategy in Bacterial Infections

Objective: In our study, a nanoparticle liposome molecule with patent application number TR201804452A2 was used, and the Minimum Inhibitor Concentration (MIC) was found to be 1562 ppm. According to the ASTM F 1980 standard, it has been determined that the nanoparticle liposome solution kept at 37 days and 55 oC in return for one-year stability preserves its effectiveness. Our study aimed to show that the newly developed solution maintains its effectiveness for a long time. Methods: CLSI M07-A10 (Methods for Dilution Antimicrobial Susceptibility Tests for Bacteria That Grow Aerobically. Tenth ed. Approved Standard) standard test method of the nanoparticle liposome solution developed with a technique different from the standard ozonation mechanisms, and antibacterial tests were performed by modifying the contact time and the MIC value of the solution, and its effect on time has been determined. For the stability test of the nanoparticle liposome solution, it was kept at 55 oC for 37 days in return for one-year stability according to the ASTM F 1980 standard. Results: MIC of nanoparticular ozone solution CLSI M07-A10 standard test method for S. aureus (ATCC 25923) and E. coli (ATCC 25922) strains by modifying contact time It was determined as 1.562 ppm. For S. aureus (ATCC 25923), at the end of the first hour, it was determined that the activity started at 2000 and 1750 ppm nanoparticle liposome solution concentration. For E. coli (ATCC 25922) it was determined that the activity started at the 10th minute at 2000 ppm nanoparticular ozone solution concentration. The solution was still effective at the end of one year according to the ASTM F 1980 standard in terms of effectiveness. Conclusions: As a result, the nanoparticle liposome solution, a new product, does not lose its stability and effectiveness for a long time, contrary to what is known. Although the half-life of gaseous ozone is as short as 20 minutes, the stability in the nanoparticle liposome solution has been determined as at least one year. Since nanoparticle liposome solution is a natural and slow-release product, it is thought that it can create a barrier in mucosal membranes in regions such as the nose, throat, eye and ear with solutions to be prepared in appropriate doses thus preventing bacteria from settling. Keywords: Nanoparticle liposomes, ozone, antibacterial efficiency, Staphylococcus aureus (ATCC 25923), Escherichia coli (ATCC 25922)

Microfluidic Preparation of Liposomes Using Ethyl Acetate/n-Hexane Solvents as an Alternative to Chloroform

Although liposomes have been used as a nutrient delivery carrier in the pharmaceutical, cosmetic, and food industries, they still suffer from the critical issue caused by the use of halogenated solvents (e.g., chloroform), which may be harmful to humans. Nonhalogenated solvents have been screened as candidate substitutes for chloroform based on their physicochemical properties. However, none of the candidates examined to date could form stable inverted micelles when used alone. Here, to obtain physicochemical properties similar to chloroform, combined mixtures were prepared using various ratios of each candidate. Based on the results of random combination trials with numerous candidates, ethyl acetate: n-hexane = 4 : 1(v/v) was selected as the optimum ratio because it could form stable inverted micelles and a transparent liposome solution without phase separation. The ethyl acetate and n-hexane mixture are a potential substitute for chloroform, which may resolve concerns regarding the toxicity of residual halogenated solvents in lipid nanovesicles.