Fiber and crystals dual readout calorimeters

The RD52 (DREAM) collaboration is performing R&D on dual readout calorimetry techniques with the aim of improving hadronic energy resolution for future high energy physics experiments. The simultaneous detection of Cherenkov and scintillation light enables us to measure the electromagnetic fraction of hadron shower event-by-event. As a result, we could eliminate the main fluctuation which prevented from achieving precision energy measurement for hadrons. We have tested the performance of the lead and copper fiber prototypes calorimeters with various energies of electromagnetic particles and hadrons. During the beam test, we investigated the energy resolutions for electrons and pions as well as the identification of those particles in a longitudinally unsegmented calorimeter. Measurements were also performed on pure and doped PbWO4 crystals, as well as BGO and BSO, with the aim of realizing a crystal based dual readout detector. We will describe our results, focusing on the more promising properties of homogeneous media for the technique. Guidelines for additional developments on crystals will be also given. Finally we discuss the construction techniques that we have used to assemble our prototypes and give an overview of the ones that could be industrialized for the construction of a full hermetic calorimeter.

TeV γ-ray source MGRO J2019+37 : PWN or SNR?

Milagro has recently reported an extended TeV γ-ray source MGRO J2019+37 in the Cygnus region. It is the second brightest TeV source after Crab nebula in their source catalogue. No confirmed counterparts of this source are known although possible associations with several known sources have been suggested. We study leptonic as well as hadronic models of TeV emission within the context of Pulsar Wind Nebulae (PWN) and Supernova Remnant (SNR) type sources, using constraints from multi-wavelength data from observations made on sources around MGRO J2019+37. These include radio upper limit given by GMRT, GeV observations by Fermi-LAT, EGRET and AGILE and very high energy data taken from Milagro. We find that, within the PWN scenario, while both leptonic as well as hadronic models can explain the TeV flux from this source, the GMRT upper limit imposes a stringent upper limit on the size of the emission region in the case of leptonic model. In the SNR scenario, on the other hand, a purely leptonic origin of TeV flux is inconsistent with the GMRT upper limit. At the same time, a dominantly hadronic origin of the TeV flux is consistent with all observations, and the required hadronic energy budget is comparable to that of typical supernovae explosions.

Measuring Multijet Structure of Hadronic Energy Flow or, What is a jet?

Ambiguities of jet algorithms are reinterpreted as instability wrt small variations of input. Optimal stability occurs for observables possessing property of calorimetric continuity (C-continuity) predetermined by kinematical structure of calorimetric detectors. The so-called C-correlators form a basic class of such observables and fit naturally into QFT framework, allowing systematic theoretical studies. A few rules generate other C-continuous observables. The resulting C-algebra correctly quantifies any feature of multijet structure such as the "number of jets" and mass spectra of "multijet substates." The new observables are physically equivalent to traditional ones but can be computed from final states bypassing jet algorithms which reemerge as a tool of approximate computation of C-observables from data with all ambiguities under analytical control and an optimal recombination criterion minimizing approximation errors.