Models of crisis intervention in the context of the COVID-19 pandemic

On the basis of the analysis of foreign theories the basic and extended theory of crisis is described. The crisis is perceived by man as unbearable difficulties that deplete the resources of endurance and disrupt the mechanisms of overcoming difficulties. The basic theory of crisis postulates emergency psychological assistance to help a person in crisis in terms of awareness and treatment of affective, behavioral and cognitive disorders. The extended theory of crisis emphasizes the occurrence of pathological symptoms in each person with the right combination of developmental factors, social, psychological, and situational factors. The following models of crisis intervention are given: he model of balance / imbalance; the cognitive model; the model of psychosocial transformation; the model of ecological development. There are revealed crisis intervention models, which combine the following tasks: focusing on stabilizing the symptoms of distress, alleviating symptoms, restoring the adaptive stage of functioning and facilitating access to further support for the victim. Keywords:crisis intervention, crisis interventions, crisis theory, short-term crisis therapy, crisis intervention models

The moderation effect of identity exploration and basic psychological needs satisfaction on flourishing of Chinese rural children

Most studies equate children’s mental health to a state of flourishing, which is a positive feeling and functions in their lives. Identity exploration and the satisfaction of three basic psychological needs are universal and crucial indicators of children’s flourishing. First, according to identity crisis theory, children in the pre-adolescence period begin to explore their own identities, a process which significantly affects their development and flourishing. Meanwhile, self-determination theory points out that the basic psychological needs, namely the needs for autonomy, competence, and relatedness, are essential for children’s development and flourishing in the worldwide. Accordingly, this study examined how identity exploration affects the flourishing of rural children in China, one kind of collectivism cultural contexts, with the interaction effect of identity exploration and basic psychological needs satisfaction. To understand the interaction effect of identity exploration and basic psychological needs satisfaction on rural children’s flourishing, we form a theoretical framework combining identity crisis theory and self-determination theory. Both these two theories emphasize the importance of self in facilitating mental health and the development of functioning. Specifically, identity crisis theory focuses on intrapsychic process, while self-determination theory stresses the influence of the surrounding environment on the individual, which provides a solid foundation for integrating these two theories to explore rural children’s flourishing in China. Accordingly, this study collected 520 left-behind children and 475 other rural children in Liaoning Province in Mainland of China, and used regression analysis to measure the associations among variables. This study found that identity exploration and basic psychological needs satisfaction positively affect rural children’s flourishing respectively, while their interaction effects negatively affect on their flourishing.

Penerapan Situational Communication Crisis Theory bagi Organisasi Dakwah dalam Menghadapi Situasi Krisis

This paper will discuss a theory in dealing with a crisis situation in the context of a da'wah organization in general, which of course will be different from the crisis context of a business company, both in terms of the type of issue or problem to the handling of the crisis situation. According to Coombs, there are five message strategies that are usually used in crisis communication, namely: (1) Non-existence strategies. This strategy is carried out by organizations that are not experiencing a crisis, but there are rumors that the organization is facing a crisis; (2) Distance strategies. Organizations that acknowledge a crisis are used and try to weaken the relationship between the organization and the crisis that has occurred; (3) Ingratiation strategies. This strategy is used by organizations in seeking public support; (4) Mortification strategies. The organization tries to apologize and accept the fact that there is a real crisis; (5) Suffering strategies. Organizations also show suffering as victims of those who are not happy with the organization and seek to gain public support and sympathy. The choice of crisis communication strategy must be considered by the da'wah organization that will carry out its crisis communication by still considering the situation, type of problem, and the scale or size of a crisis that occurs as well as the organization's ability to reach the choice of communication model.

A Critical Analysis of Capitalism, Capital Accumulation and Crisis Theory in David Harvey

This article is a critical review of David Harvey’s essentialist theorisation of a capitalist economy and its crisis from a class focused Marxist perspective. The first part examines Harvey’s immense contribution to the understanding of space and spatiality of capitalism within the Marxist tradition. Capital accumulation in his theorisation serves as the impresario of space and spatiality and the harbinger of capitalist crisis in general. Expanding on a class focused approach, the second part provides a critique of Harvey’s methodology and crisis theory in which the law of capital accumulation reigns supreme. Specifically, using an anti-essentialist methodology of overdetermination with class process of surplus labour as the theoretical entry point, as developed by Resnick and Wolff, I argue that no correspondence of the rate of capital accumulation with those of rate of profit and rate of class distribution can be drawn. This unpredictability renders capitalism inherently unstable, prone to business cycles whose cause cannot be reduced to any chosen causal factor such as the one reducible to capital accumulation.