psychological assistance
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2022 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ol'ga Ul'yanina ◽  
Olga Gavrilova ◽  
Olga Timur

The paper deals with the problem of abuse and violence against minors, among which the authors distinguish a special category: orphans and children left without parental care. Approaches to the definition and forms of violence and ill-treatment of minors are described. The psychological causes and consequences of violence and ill-treatment are analyzed. Technologies for providing psychological assistance to child victims of violence and abuse are offered. A significant part of the work is devoted to the consideration of the features of interdepartmental interaction on prevention and timely detection of signs and consequences of abuse and violence against children. The result of such an analysis was the development of a model regulation describing the procedural and legal issues of coordinating such interaction between specialists from different departments in order to protect the interests of minors. The work is addressed to psychologists, teachers, specialists of organizations for children.


2022 ◽  
pp. 169-186
Author(s):  
Nataliia Svitlychna ◽  
Natalia Afanasieva ◽  
Iryna Ostopolets ◽  
Olha Zastavna

The chapter is devoted to the study of the peculiarities of social and personal identity of the participants in the armed conflict in Ukraine, in particular the formation of the personality's detachment. The level of social detachment of the veterans, the participants of the armed conflict in Ukraine, is investigated, their attitude to significant aspects of life is determined, the degree of intensity of adaptation processes is revealed, the peculiarities of the adaptation period of a personality are analyzed. The study involved three groups of subjects: Group 1 includes volunteers that are citizens of Ukraine who voluntarily joined. Group 2 includes mobilized persons – the citizens who were obliged to appear on call to the military commissariats. Group 3 are professional servicemen. The study showed that all three groups of the participants require social and psychological rehabilitation, which makes it especially urgent to develop ways and means of providing psychological assistance to this category of people in order to prevent and restore their psychological health.


Author(s):  
Ю.В. Варданян ◽  
М.А. Кечина ◽  
С.А. Михалкина

В статье рассматриваются проблемы и опыт исследования профессиональной готовности студентов к оказанию экстренной психологической помощи. Анализ публикаций позволил авторам рассмотреть теоретические представления о готовности к профессиональной деятельности с позиций компетентностного подхода к подготовке в вузе психолого-педагогических кадров в контексте приобщения студентов к освоению особенностей оказания экстренной психологической помощи. Авторами приведены данные эмпирического исследования уровня профессиональной готовности студентов к оказанию экстренной психологической помощи и обоснована возможность его существенного совершенствования на основе специально разработанной модели. Доказано, что реализация модели позволяет встроить в образовательный процесс специально созданные модули, обеспечивающие освоение действий, необходимых в процессе оказания пострадавшим экстренной психологической помощи, которые способствуют развитию профессиональной готовности будущего педагога-психолога к его осуществлению. Представленные сведения подтверждают положительную динамику исходного уровня, исследуемого свойства студентов и значимости достигнутых изменений. The article discusses the problems and experience of studying professional readiness of students to provide emergency psychological assistance. The analysis of publications allowed the authors to consider theoretical ideas about readiness for professional activity from the standpoint of a competence-based approach to training of psycho-pedagogical personnel at the university in the context of introducing students to the development of the features of emergency psychological assistance. The authors present the data of an empirical study of the level of professional readiness of students to provide emergency psychological assistance and substantiate the possibility of its significant improvement on the basis of a specially developed model. It is proved that the implementation of the model makes it possible to integrate into the educational process specially created modules that ensure the development of actions necessary in the process of providing emergency psychological assistance to victims, which contribute to the development of professional readiness of the future teacher-psychologist for its implementation. The presented information confirms the positive dynamics of the initial level of the studied property of students and the significance of the achieved changes.


2021 ◽  
Vol 28 (4) ◽  
pp. 383-387
Author(s):  
Fabian KLEIN ◽  
◽  
Bogdan Ovidiu POPESCU ◽  
Lucian NEGREANU ◽  
Horia BUMBEA ◽  
...  

The importance of burnout amongst medical staff was highlighted by various papers, showing that this issue implies job demands and job resources. The current challenge of SARS-CoV-2 pandemic also raised many concerns about its impact on healthcare sector. A new survey after 4 years from the previous study of the Bucharest College of Physicians is coming with new data, containing the effect of COVID-19 on the psychological wellbeing of its members. The increasing of burnout was found in all categories, and the most frequently solutions claimed by the respondents were related to decreasing of workload and bureaucracy, and an important number of physicians identify the need for specialized psychological assistance. The COVID-19 pandemic period exacerbated the system related factors that contribute to the phenomenon of burnout.


2021 ◽  
Vol 76 (6) ◽  
pp. 635-641
Author(s):  
Anna V. Vlasova ◽  
Maria V. Vetluzhskaya ◽  
Yulia A. Lutokhina ◽  
Polina A. Haritonova

Background. COVID-19 outbreak resulted in an increased psychological and physical pressure on healthcare professionals worldwide. Doctors treating COVID-19 patients have turned out to be at higher risk of depression, anxiety, psychosomatic disorders. The data about the influence of the pandemic on psychological health of Russian doctors is still missing. Aims to evaluate a psychological status of Russian doctors during COVID-19 pandemic. Methods. This cross-sectional online-study was conducted among 133 doctors of different specialties aged 2570 (mean age 43.6 9.9), 112 (84.2%) of the them were females. We assessed the work conditions of the respondents during pandemic, the presence of psychosomatic disorders, depression and anxiety levels by HADS scale. Results. Almost two thirds (82; 61.7%) of the respondents reported an increased workload during the pandemic, 54.1% of them work more than 40 hours per week. The income has risen only in 25.6% of the doctors. Most of the respondents announced a manifestation of one or more psychosomatic disorders during the pandemic. The most frequent complaint was insomnia found in 72 (54.1%) of the doctors. Clinical anxiety was confirmed in 30 (22.6%), clinical depression in 15 (11.3%), moderate anxiety in 22 (16.5%), moderate depression in 31 (23.3%), both clinical anxiety and depression in 6% of the participants. Conclusions. During the pandemic Russian doctors continue to work under physical and psychological pressure and provide medical care even if they have clinical depression and anxiety that influences on patients and doctors wellbeing. Theres still a lack of psychological assistance to doctors and of other methods to prevent professional burn-out.


2021 ◽  
pp. 85-90
Author(s):  
Mykola Golub

Problem setting. According to the information of the National Service of Ukraine for 2020, state bodies that counteract domestic violence recorded 211,353 appeals for cases of such offenses. This is four times more than in 2019 (225). Thus, 180921 appeals were received from women, 27676 from men and 2756 from children [1]. Also in 2020, 921 individuals were convicted of domestic violence in Ukraine. Analysis of recent research. Important issues regarding the problem of combating domestic violence were discussed by such scientists as: O. Bandurka, O. Bezpalova, A. blaga, A. Galai, V. Galay, O.Juzha, L. Kryzhna, O. Kostyr, Yu. Krupka, K. Levchenko, O. Litvinov, G. Moshak, M. Panov, S. Pronevich, Ya. Sotak, O.Sstarkov, etc. In the works of these scientists, a thorough analysis of the use of international experience, determination of effective directions and measures to prevent and counter domestic violence was carried out. Purpose and objectives of the study. The purpose of the study is to investigate and analyze the actions of the National Police of Ukraine, which are aimed at increasing the effectiveness of combating domestic violence, and explore the experience of EU law enforcement agencies in responding to domestic violence. Tasks of the research are: to provide proposals on the directions of effective response of the National Police of Ukraine to cases of domestic violence; to highlight the need for interaction of National Police units with other structures of executive authorities and local self-government. Scientific novelty of research. The study considers proposals to increase the efficiency of the National Police in combating domestic violence, as well as ways to implement them. The interaction of the National Police with local executive bodies and local self-government is considered. Article’s main body. The article considers the importance of prevention and counteraction to domestic violence, as well as the functioning of the National Police of Ukraine in this field of law enforcement, observance of human rights and freedoms, legal grounds for preventing domestic violence, both in Ukraine and in the EU. The provisions of the current legislation of Ukraine concerning the peculiarities of bringing to responsibility for committing domestic violence are analyzed. The need to strengthen responsibility for domestic violence is determined. The attention is focused on strengthening the legislative activity of the Verkhovna Rada of Ukraine on the adoption of new laws on the legal regulation of domestic violence. Conclusions. Based on the research, we express suggestions for improving the work of the National Police of Ukraine in combating domestic violence, in particular: (1) taking into account the experience of the mobile groups of the National Police in combating domestic violence in the Kharkiv region, to prepare and submit to the Department of the NPU proposals for improving regulatory documents on this area of work taking into account the experience of the police of European countries; (2) to take measures to ensure effective interaction of mobile teams of social and psychological assistance (Ministry of Social Policy of Ukraine) with mobile response groups (National Police of Ukraine), including: compatible visits to messages, exchange of information, joint coordination meetings, organization of classes for initial training, retraining and training of members of these groups ect.


2021 ◽  
Vol LIII (3) ◽  
pp. 51-63
Author(s):  
Aleksey I. Melehin

Introduction. Sleep disorders are widespread throughout the entire period of treatment of an oncological patient from the moment of diagnosis, and in many patients persist after completion of treatment. The nature of cancer and its treatment expose patients to many potential provoking and/or supportive factors that are atypical for the general population. In addition, sleep disturbance rarely manifests as a separate symptom, but more often occurs together with such symptoms as fatigue, pain, depression and/or cognitive impairment. This complicates the assessment and often requires an individual treatment plan with a team approach. AIM. of the work is to acquaint mental health specialists, oncologists, chemotherapists with the specifics of the examination of cancer-specific insomnia and fatigue, the construction of team treatment tactics, the organization of psychotherapeutic care for cancer patients. Results. The article describes for the first time the specifics of onco-specific insomnia and fatigue. The general predisposing and supporting factors of insomnia characteristic of cancer patients are systematized. The relationship between onco-specific fatigue and sleep disorders is shown. The role of pro-inflammatory cytokines as a common neuroendocrine-immune mechanism underlying the behavioral symptoms of sleep disorders, fatigue, depression and cognitive dysfunction in people with cancer is noted. Due to the limitations of the pharmacological approach, the purpose, forms, modes and approaches of using cognitive behavioral therapy protocols to minimize insomnia and fatigue are described. Based on the data of our foreign colleagues, we have proposed an algorithm for assessing sleep disorders in a patient with an oncological profile. The effectiveness of the standard protocol of cognitive behavioral psychotherapy of insomnia (SCBT-I) in a patient of the oncological profile Lavini Fiorentino is described in detail and shown; as well as the short protocol of CBT of cancer-specific insomnia by Eric Zo et al.; remote protocol of mindfulness enhancement therapy to minimize onco-specific fatigue Z.by Fieke et al. Conclusions. CBT in the framework of complex treatment has a positive effect on the immune system, reducing inflammation mediated through the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis. Despite the accumulation of evidence confirming the effectiveness of this form of psychological assistance, its availability in Russia remains extremely limited and not fully appreciated.


2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Baojuan Ye ◽  
Ruining Wang ◽  
Mingfan Liu ◽  
Xinqiang Wang ◽  
Qiang Yang

Abstract Background This study examined the mediating effect of sense of control and the moderating effect of coronavirus stress on the relationship between life history strategy and overeating among Chinese college students during the COVID-19 period. Methods 3310 Chinese students (Mage = 19.74, SD = 1.50; 47% males) completed self-reported questionnaires regarding life history strategy, sense of control, overeating, and coronavirus stress. The data were analyzed using Pearson’s r correlations and moderated mediation analysis. Results The results revealed that control sense mediated the link between life history strategy and college students’ overeating. College students’ coronavirus stress moderated the associations between life history strategy and college students’ sense of control and between control sense and overeating. The association between life history strategy and sense of control was stronger for those with lower coronavirus stress, and the association between sense of control and overeating was stronger for those with lower coronavirus stress. Conclusions This study identified that the critical factors were associated with overeating. On the one hand, the research deepens the application and interpretation of life history theory in the field of eating; on the other hand, it provides evidence for the prevention of overeating, and provides theoretical basis for psychological assistance among Chinese college students.


Author(s):  
Оксана Олеговна Скобелева ◽  
Иван Алексеевич Сластунин

В данной статье рассматриваются причины и меры профилактики пенитенциарного стресса как фактора формирования деструктивного поведения сотрудников пенитенциарных систем зарубежных стран. В настоящее время проблема деструктивного поведения сотрудников правоохранительных органов является одной из самых актуальных. Большинство проблем, связанных с деструктивным поведением сотрудников пенитенциарных систем, с которыми сталкиваются зарубежные страны, к сожалению, существуют и в уголовно-исполнительной системе Российской Федерации. Их особенности заключаются в специфике служебной деятельности и множестве трудных, критических ситуаций. Согласно исследованиям, стресс и его последствия испытывает каждый четвертый сотрудник правоохранительных органов. Существующие исследования доказывают, что высокие требования, низкий контроль и дисбаланс между усилиями и вознаграждением являются факторами риска для психических и соматических проблем со здоровьем. Часто сотрудникам нелегко самостоятельно справиться с теми или иными проблемами, возникающими в процессе служебной деятельности, что приводит к появлению деструктивного поведения. В статье проведен анализ разработанных мер профилактики пенитенциарного стресса, а также различных форм психологических программ. Специалистам, оказывающим психологическую помощь сотрудникам, особое внимание необходимо уделять существующим психологическим программам, направленным на изменение отношений сотрудников, в целях профилактики их деструктивного поведения, мотивируя их к изменению своего когнитивного процесса. This article deals with the causes and measures of penitentiary stress prevention as a factor of destructive behaviour of foreign penal staff . At present the problem of disruptive behaviour of law enforcement officers is one of the most urgent. Most of the problems related to destructive behavior of penal officers which are faced by foreign countries unfortunately also exist in the penal system of the Russian Federation. Their peculiarities lie in the specifics of service activities and many difficult, critical situations. According to studies stress and its consequences are experienced by one in four law enforcement officers. Existing research proves that high demands, low control and an imbalance between effort and reward are risk factors for mental and somatic health problems. Often employees find it difficult to cope independently with the kinds of problems that arise in the course of their work leading to the emergence of disruptive behaviour. The article analyses the measures that have been developed to prevent penitentiary stress as well as various forms of psychological programmes. Professionals providing psychological assistance to staff need to pay particular attention to existing psychological programmes aimed at changing staff attitudes in order to prevent disruptive behaviour by motivating them to change their cognitive process.


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