The hospital neurologist may encounter neuromuscular disorders as known chronic conditions that are exacerbated by a hospital stay, be the principal reason for admission, or develop during a prolonged hospitalization. This chapter details the presentation, diagnosis, and management of conditions affecting the peripheral nerves and neuromuscular junction, such as myasthenia gravis, Lambert-Eaton (myasthenic) syndrome, botulism, and tick paralysis; as well as muscular weakness from various causes such as rhabdomyolysis, critical illness neuromyopathy, inflammatory myopathies, muscular dystrophies, periodic paralysis, and metabolic and endocrine myopathies. Also discussed are motoneuron degeneration, including amyotrophic lateral sclerosis and progressive muscle atrophy, and neuromuscular respiratory failure.