Neurophysiological correlates of disorder-related autobiographical memory in anorexia nervosa

Background Anorexia nervosa (AN) is characterized by an overgeneralization of food/body-related autobiographical memories (AM). This is regarded as an emotion regulation strategy with adverse long-term effects implicated in disorder maintenance and treatment resistance. Therefore, we aimed to examine neural correlates of food/body-related AM-recall in AN. Methods Twenty-nine female patients with AN and 30 medication-free age-sex-matched normal-weight healthy controls (HC) underwent functional magnetic resonance imaging while recalling AMs in response to food/body-related and neutral cue words. To control for general knowledge retrieval, participants engaged in a semantic generation and riser detection task. Results In comparison to HC, patients with AN generated fewer and less specific AMs in response to food/body-related words, but not for neutral cue words. Group comparisons revealed reduced activation in regions associated with self-referential processing and memory retrieval (precuneus and angular gyrus) during the retrieval of specific food/body-related AM in patients with AN. Brain connectivity in regions associated with memory functioning and executive control was reduced in patients with AN during the retrieval of specific food/body-related AM. Finally, resting-state functional connectivity analysis revealed no differences between groups, arguing against a general underlying disconnection of brain networks implicated in memory and emotional processing in AN. Conclusions These results indicate impaired neural processing of food/body-related AM in AN, with a reduced involvement of regions involved in self-referential processing. Our findings are discussed as possible neuronal correlates of emotional avoidance in AN and provide new insights of AN-pathophysiology underscoring the importance of targeting dysfunctional emotion regulation strategies during treatment.

“You Look Fat in Red”: Fat Talk in the Workplace

In the Indonesian context, commenting on one's less adequate body size is considered normal. However, the effect it has on the person who is subjected to it is quite surprising. The fat talk phenomenon in the workplace is one example of fat talk case that remains under-researched. This research reflects the phenomenon of fat talk in the workplace viewed from a sociolinguistics viewpoint. In analyzing and gathering the evidence, this research uses a descriptive qualitative approach and citizen sociolinguistics. The data were obtained from the discovery made by citizen sociolinguists in the workplace. Based on Bulik's 12 types of fat talk, the results showed that the most frequent types are personalized and generic (24%), followed by compliment fishing and bullying (21%). The least used types of fat talk are comparative, joking, and fat-is-ugly. The results also showed that the fat talk's linguistic features were found to be linked to body parts, clothing, food, body health, appearance, weight, and context of appearance and height. Eventually, fat talk is a new language variation that has fulfilled a specific language purpose in the workplace.

Nursery lexicon in Alexander Hojsak’s dictionary of the Lemko dialect (the dialect of the Wysowa village)

The aim of the paper is to present nursery lexicon registered in Alexander Hojsak’s dictionary of the Wysowa village Lemko dialect. Among 3000 words registered in the dictionary there are 50 lexemes marked as “nursery words”. They belong to several semantic groups (names of food, body parts, animals, clothes, things, actions and physical conditions, religious sphere) and demonstrate features proved universal for baby talk in most languages. There is a correspondence between Lemko nursery words for animals and Lemko interjections for calling domestic animals which seems to be relevant for other Ukrainian dialects. Some of the Lemko nursery words show broader distribution: they are registered in other Ukrainian dialects, other Slavic and even non-Slavic languages (for example папу ‘to eat’). The idea of mapping nursery words seems to be worth further study.

Broom and Fraser’s domestic animal behaviour and welfare

The 6th edition of this book contains 42 chapters on one biology, ethics, sentience and sustainability; behaviour and welfare concepts; describing, recording and measuring behaviour; learning, cognition and behaviour development; motivation; evolution and optimality; welfare assessment; defence and attack behaviour; finding and acquiring food; body care; locomotion and space occupancy; exploration; spacing behaviour; rest and sleep; general and social behaviour; human-domestic animal interactions; seasonal and reproductive behaviour; sexual behaviour; fetal and parturient behaviour; maternal and neonatal behaviour; juvenile and play behaviour; handling, transport and humane control of domestic animals; stunning and slaughter; welfare and behaviour in relation to disease; different types of abnormal behaviours and the breeding, feeding, housing and welfare of cattle, sheep, goats, pigs, poultry, fishes, deer, camelids, ostriches, furbearing animals, horses, other equids, draught animals, rabbits, dogs, cats and other pets and welfare in a moral world. The book is illustrated with many photographs and includes a much-expanded reference list, an author index and a subject index.