Formulasi Sabun Mandi Transparan Halal Ekstrak Rosella dengan Dietanolamida sebagai Surfaktan

Rosella flower petals contain anthocyanin dyes which can be used as natural dyes. One of the uses of rosella is to add it to transparent bath soap with dietanolamide as surfactant. Dietanolamide is a surfactant that can function to increase the stability of foam in transparent soap. This study aims to determine the best formulation, characteristics and consumer acceptance of transparent soap with rosella extract with dietanolamide as surfactant. The treatment given in this study is the concentraction of rosella extract by 1%, 2%, and 3%. Whereas for DEA is 1% and 3%. Observations made on transparent soap include physicochemical tests of soap, organoleptic tests, and statistical tests with ANOVA variance. The results of the analysis show that all formulations do not meet the requirements of SNI 06-3532-1994. Except for pH, foam stability, and emulsion stability. Organoleptic results (shape, color, transparency, lots of foam, and impression of fatigue) showed that panelists liked formulation 2 with the addition of 2% roselle extract and 1% dietanolamide.Keywords: Transparent soap, rosella extract, dietanolamide

Color Transparency and Hadron Formation Effects in High-Energy Reactions on Nuclei

An incoming or outgoing hadron in a hard collision with large momentum transfer gets squeezed in the transverse direction to its momentum. In the case of nuclear targets, this leads to the reduced interaction of such hadrons with surrounding nucleons which is known as color transparency (CT). The identification of CT in exclusive processes on nuclear targets is of significant interest not only by itself but also due to the fact that CT is a necessary condition for the applicability of factorization for the description of the corresponding elementary process. In this paper we discuss the semiexclusive processes A ( e , e ′ π + ) , A ( π − , l − l + ) and A ( γ , π − p ) . Since CT is closely related to hadron formation mechanism, the reduced interaction of ’pre-hadrons’ with nucleons is a common feature of generic high-energy inclusive processes on nuclear targets, such as hadron attenuation in deep inelastic scattering (DIS). We will discuss the novel way to study hadron formation via slow neutron production induced by a hard photon interaction with a nucleus. Finally, the opportunity to study hadron formation effects in heavy-ion collisions in the NICA regime will be considered.

Hadronic properties of the photon

Currently it is no doubt that high energy photons (real or virtual) have a hadronic component leading to photon shadowing in its interaction with nuclei. We shortly consider the difficulties appeared in the models like vector dominance model (VDM) and stress that these problems can be solved in a color dipole model inspired by Quantum Chromodynamics (QCD). From the other hand, the color dipole model allows one to investigate the impact of vector meson polarization on their interaction with nucleons and nuclei, the challenge which is crucial for studying, for instance, such a fundamental effect as color transparency.

Color, Transparency, and Light in Aristotle

Aristotle says that it is in the nature of color to impart movement to transparent media. Typically this is interpreted as implying that these media must be transparent (in fulfillment) before color moves them. I argue that this is a mistake.