Magnetic Resonance Mammography in the Diagnostics of Intraduсtal Cancer in situ (DCIS)

The improvement of methods of radiation diagnostics has led to an increase in the frequency of detection of breast cancer in the early stages. According to our study (a retrospective analysis of data from 195 MRM with DKU), the results of studies of women with a histologically verified diagnosis of intra-ductal carcinoma in situ (DCIS). For formations of more than 5 mm in 60 %, we obtained reliable criteria for the malignant process (contrast capture of more than 100 % for type II-III, the presence of feeding arteries). Various contrast zones without / or with the presence of less than 5 mm formation in 10–20 % of in situ carcinomas had a pattern of accumulation similar to benign proliferative changes, a statistically significant criterion was the strengthening of the vasculature on MIP reconstruction around the contrast zone, which in 31 % of cases coincided with the areas of accumulation of atypical microcalcinates detected in mammography (BI-RADS 4). MR mammography with dynamic contrast enhancement, having a high sensitivity in detecting vascularized areas, allows us to assess their nature with a high degree of probability against the background of any types of breast tissue structure.

The Role of Magnetic Resonance Imaging and Molecular Features in the Diagnosis of Breast Cancer

Aims: To study the importance of differential diagnosis of breast cancer using Magnetic resonance mammography. Study Design: Cohort Study. Place and Duration of Study: The study was conducted Republican Specialized Scientific-Practical Medical Center of Oncology and Radiology between 2017 and 2019. Methodology: The study included a clinical and instrumental examination of 70 women with suspected breast cancer. The age of the patients was 26-75 years (average age - 49.0 ± 2 years). All patients underwent core biopsy. The procedure was performed in a horizontal position of the patient, a needle was brought in and a “shot” was performed, during which a tissue sample was taken from the focus of interest. In 5 (7.1%) cases, the second stage of verification of the diagnosis was carried out through sectoral resection with an urgent histological examination. The resulting material is sent for cytological and histological studies. Results: The sensitivity of x-ray mammography in detecting breast tumors was 83.4%, specificity 60.0%. The sensitivity of ultrasound in the diagnosis of breast cancer was 86.4%, specificity - 44.8%. In our observations of breast MRI, the sensitivity was 97.5%, specificity 87.2%. Magnetic resonance mammography is considered a more effective method in the early diagnosis of breast cancer. Conclusion: Breast MRI is highly sensitive, specific and accurate in assessing the prevalence and differential diagnosis between a benign and malignant process.

Multicentric and multifocal breast cancer diagnostics (review and portfolio)

Breast cancer in (42-48) % of cases is a multicentric or multifocal process. Multicentricity of the tumor is the presence of several tumor foci located in different quadrants (segments) of the breast; multifocality is the presence of several tumor foci in one square or segment. Multifocal and multicentric cancers evidently are biologically different diseases. The importance of identifying all the foci is that with a multicentric lesion, more radical types of surgical treatment are applied. With cancer monocentricity, organ-preserving surgery is predominantly chosen, and with multicentricity – radical mastectomy. Multifocality not detected at the preoperative stage and, especially, multicentricity is the cause of relapses in more than 40 % of cases. The purpose of the review is to consider the information content and effectiveness of radiation diagnostic technologies in the aspect of identification of multicentric and multifocal breast cancer. X-ray mammography, full-format digital X-ray mammography, magnetic resonance imaging, multispiral computed tomography, infrared thermography of transmission optical tomography, sonography, digital tomosynthesis, mammoscintigraphy, electric impedance mammography are considered. Key words: multifocal and multicentric cancer, mammography, magnetic resonance mammography, multispiral computer tomography, mammoscintigraphy, sonography, electric impedance mammography.