The Use of References in English News Published by Jakarta Post and New York Time Online Newspaper

This study highlights the use of references in the element of cohesive devices in English news article of The Jakarta Post and New York Time written by Indonesian non-native and American native. The purpose of this study is to identify the similarities and differences in using personal references, demonstrative references and comparative reference. The method of this study is descriptive qalitative. The data were taken from online newspaper; The Jakarta Post and New York Times articles. There are 20 articles which are analyzed in this study, 10 articles from each online newspaper in any field of these newspaper. The data were analyzed use (Halliday and Hasan’s : 1976) the theory of cohesion. The result of this study explained that the use of references in the New York Time articles higher than The Jakarta Post articles. The most dominant use the type of reference is personal reference both of the articles.

“中国制造”国际形象的 媒体话语研究 = International Image of “Made in China” in Media Discourse

<p>本文以《纽约时报》近二十五年对“中国<br />制造”报道为研究对象，从新闻话语的话语主<br />题、话语风格和修辞策略三个方面进行探讨，<br />再现了美国主流媒体对“中国制造”国际形象<br />的历史演变过程。研究表明，以《纽约时报》<br />为代表的美国主流媒介在四个历史阶段对“中<br />国制造”报道的主题涉及“产品标识、知识产<br />权、产品价格与质量、工人工作环境与待遇、<br />中国环境问题”等，新闻报道运用贬义词汇、<br />转述动词、隐喻等语言形式和话语策略，重塑<br />了美国大众对“中国制造”的社会认知模式。<br />“中国制造”的媒体形象变化与中国出口产品的<br />质量直接相关；美国媒体呈现的“中国制造”<br />产品形象与中国国家形象彼此影响。</p><p>This study aims at analyzing language forms,<br />discursive strategies and discourse themes,<br />focusing on the changes of international image<br />of “Made in China” in the news reports of “New<br />York Time” in the past 25 years. The result shows<br />that the image of “Made in China” is constructed<br />through methods of lexical choice, discursive<br />stylistics, and rhetorical strategies, which is<br />modeled under of framework of social cognition<br />and interact with social and economic practices<br />in daily life. The image was reflected in<br />analyzing the theme of the relevant discourse,<br />which covers “product symbol, copyright,<br />product price and quality, working environment<br />and salary of Chinese workers, and Chinese<br />environment” and etc. These reports reconstruct<br />the public’s social cognition towards “Made in<br />China” by using language forms and discourse<br />strategies contain derogatory terms, reporting<br />verbs, and metaphors. These themes correlate<br />with the export good quality of “Made in China”and the image of “Made in China” has a mutual<br />impact with China image.</p>

Dust in the York canonical basis of ADM tetrad gravity: The problem of vorticity

Brown's formulation of dynamical perfect fluids in Minkowski space-time is extended to ADM tetrad gravity in globally hyperbolic, asymptotically Minkowskian space-times. For the dust, we get the Hamiltonian description in closed form in the York canonical basis, where we can separate the inertial gauge variables of the gravitational field in the non-Euclidean 3-spaces of global non-inertial frames from the physical tidal ones. After writing the Hamilton equations of the dust, we identify the sector of irrotational motions and the gauge fixings forcing the dust 3-spaces to coincide with the 3-spaces of the non-inertial frame. The role of the inertial gauge variable York time (the remnant of the clock synchronization gauge freedom) is emphasized. Finally, the Hamiltonian Post-Minkowskian linearization is studied. This formalism is required when one wants to study the Hamiltonian version of cosmological models (for instance back-reaction as an alternative to dark energy) in the York canonical basis.

Path integral for (2+1)-dimensional Shape Dynamics

We studied the path integral quantization for the Shape Dynamics formulation of General Relativity in the 2+1 torus universe. We show that the Shape Dynamics path integral on the reduced phase space is equivalent with the previous results obtained for the ADM 2+1 gravity and we found that the Shape Dynamics Hamiltonian allows us to establish a straightforward relation between reduced systems in the (τ, V)-form and the τ-form through the York time gauge fixing.