Reading minds: A study of deictic shifts in translated written interaction between mental-health professionals and their readers

The practice of knowledge mediation in written texts relating to the health sciences has hitherto received limited attention within Translation Studies. The overall aim of this study is to explore writer-reader interaction in a bilingual corpus of medical leaflets published on the website of the Royal College of Psychiatrists (UK). In order to do this, a comparative analysis of English source texts and Spanish target texts was conducted to identify shifts in personal reference, which served to contrast patterns in knowledge transfer processes between mental health experts and their target audiences. The study is underpinned by Thompson and Thetela’s (1995) tenet that interactive and interactional features have to be considered in conjunction. It seeks to make a contribution to the relatively understudied field of how interaction patterns differ across cultural and linguistic settings. The corpus is of special interest due to the sensitivity of its subject matter, the varied constituency it addresses and the fact that the translated texts were produced and revised by mental health professionals.

The Use of References in English News Published by Jakarta Post and New York Time Online Newspaper

This study highlights the use of references in the element of cohesive devices in English news article of The Jakarta Post and New York Time written by Indonesian non-native and American native. The purpose of this study is to identify the similarities and differences in using personal references, demonstrative references and comparative reference. The method of this study is descriptive qalitative. The data were taken from online newspaper; The Jakarta Post and New York Times articles. There are 20 articles which are analyzed in this study, 10 articles from each online newspaper in any field of these newspaper. The data were analyzed use (Halliday and Hasan’s : 1976) the theory of cohesion. The result of this study explained that the use of references in the New York Time articles higher than The Jakarta Post articles. The most dominant use the type of reference is personal reference both of the articles.

Cohesion and Coherence of Students’ Recount Texts in Indonesia

This study aimed at analyzing the cohesion and coherence of recount texts and their implication to teaching writing. The data was fifteen recount texts which were non-randomly chosen from the first-grade students of high school in Central Java, Indonesia. This was qualitative research employing cohesion theory by Halliday and Hasan (1976) and thematic progression proposed by Butt et al. (1995). The result of this research showed that most of the cohesive devices employed by the students were personal reference with 58.11%; demonstrative reference and definite article with 7.18%; comparative reference with 0.93%), lexical (repetition 22.21%; synonym 0.66%; superordinate 0.13%), conjunction (temporal conjunction 7.45%; adversative conjunction: 1.33%; additive conjunction 1.06%; causal conjunction 0.66%), and ellipsis with 2%. The presuppositions of the presupposed items and presupposing items were achieved anaphorically and cataphorically; most of them were anaphoric. The distances of the presuppositions were in the forms of immediate ties, mediated ties, and non-mediated ties. Furthermore, immediate ties occurred extensively. Based on the analysis, most of the texts were cohesive due to the achievement of presupposing and presupposed items in every sentence of the texts. Then, coherence of the students’ recount texts was achieved by employing three kinds of patterns: reiteration/ constant, zig-zag, and multiple thematic progression patterns. Most of the texts were developed by using a reiteration/ constant pattern. Based on the analysis, most texts were not coherent because of the unrelated clauses. As the result, they broke the signposted progression of the texts. The finding was expected to possibly contribute to the process of teaching writing by encouraging the students to create a good text in a cohesive and coherent way.

STUDENTS’ ABILITY IN ANALYZING AMBIGUOUS PERSONAL REFERENCE IN WOMEN’S MURDER CLUB: THE TRIAL NOVEL

This research discussed students’ ability in analysing ambiguous reference in written text. The objectives of this research were to find out students’ ability, and the way of the seventh-semester students of English and Literature Department (2016) in analysing the given extracts. The Researchers used quantitative and qualitative methods for collecting and analysing data. The data source was the seventh-semester students of English and Literature Department (2016). The Researchers used paper test (close-ended and open-ended question) as the instrument to get the data. As the procedure of collecting data, the Researchers gave the students the test and the instruction to answer the test. The Researchers then collected the paper after the students answered the tests. The Researchers used Halliday and Hasan’s reference theory which focusing on personal reference. Based on the findings and discussion, the Researchers found that 1 student possessed excellent ability, 2 students got good ability, 5 students belonged to fair ability, and 2 students obtained poor ability. As the conclusion, the seventh-semester student of English and Literature Department (2016) had fair ability (67.09) in analysing ambiguous personal references. It was proved by their mean score through the paper test (multiple choice). And the Researchers also concluded that analysed the given extracts by 3 ways. Those were by the context, good sense, and guessing. It was proved by their answers got through open-ended questionnaire.

Impersonal constructions with personal reference.

This paper explores referential features of deleted actors in impersonal passive and impersonal constructions in three languages: Latvian, Lithuanian and Estonian. Though cross-linguistically passive or impersonal verb forms of intransitive verbs are generally associated with indefinite human agency, our study shows that this correlation is not absolute: in the investigated languages passives and impersonals of intransitives, apart from generic and indefinite actors, may also imply contextually given, definite actors, and for some constructions, e.g. Estonian impersonals with the auxiliary saama ‘get’, this is actually their main use. Data for our study comes from large comparable corpora of web resources. In a small quantitative study we determine the factors that condition a personal use of an impersonal verb form in the three languages. The most important factors are verbal lexeme (certain lexemes show a greater preference for certain types of covert actors), as well as construction type: of two formally distinct impersonal (passive) constructions, one is preferred in non-impersonal functions where the covert actor is a contextually given person.

An Analysis of Lexical and Grammatical Cohesion of Six Feet Apart Song by Alec Benjamin

This paper shows the linguistic aspect in term of discourse analysis in the lyrics of song. Those aspects are cohesion device and grammatical cohesion. Cohesion devices divided into two descriptions, those are; grammatical and lexical cohesion devices. Grammatical cohesion contains reference, ellipsis, substitution, and conjunction while lexical cohesion contains collocation and reiteration. This research analyzes the lyrics from the soloist band namely Alec Benjamin entitle “Six feet apart”. After analyzing grammatical and lexical cohesion of six feet apart’s lyric, the result shows that the kinds of grammatical and lexical cohesion exist in the lyric. The first kind of grammatical cohesion which is found is reference. The kinds of references namely personal, adverbial demonstrative, selective nominal demonstrative, and comparative reference are found in the lyric. The most frequent reference which is used in the lyric is personal reference. The usage of cohesive devices is so important to make meaningful language to the lyrics of the song. The cohesion devices make the text united.. The function of lexical cohesion within the stanza in the lyric of six feet apart song is making a relationship and also it is used to express and to stress the singer’s idea. Key word: Discourse analysis, Lexical Cohesion, Grammatical Cohesion

The Correlation Between Personal Reference: Health Workers and Health Facilities with Parenting in Stunting Prevention

Introduction: The influence of parenting, the scope and quality of health services, the environment, and food are the leading causes of stunting. This study aims to analyze the correlation between personal reference and health facilities with parenting in stunting prevention in Madura East Java.Methods: The design of this study was a cross-sectional study. The population in this study were mothers who had children aged 6-24 months in Madura East Java with 149 mothers and obtained a sample of 109 mothers selected using a purposive sampling technique. The independent variable was the personal reference and health facilities. At the same time, the dependent variable was parenting in stunting prevention. The data were collected using a questionnaire. The questionnaire has been a validity and reliability test. This study was analyzed using the Spearman rho test with a significance level α <0.05.Results: Personal reference have a correlation in parenting in stunting prevention with significance (p=0.017; r=0.228) Health care facilities have a correlation in parenting in stunting prevention with significance (p=0.020; r=0.222)Conclusion: Personal reference and health facilities have a significant role in parenting in stunting prevention. Health workers are expected to be able to provide interventions that are compatible with stunting prevention factors to reduce the incidence of stunting in Indonesia. The more complete health facilities to provide information about pediatric health, the more capable the mother to provide prevention in stunting on children.

Person in Morphology

The category of person is a linguistic expression of reference to a role in a speech act, including the speaker, the addressee, or a combination thereof. The values of the person category commonly, if not universally, include the opposition of first person (reference to the speaker) versus second person (reference to the addressee). Reference to neither the speaker nor the addressee is commonly—though not always—considered to be the third value of the category, third person. This article is an overview of person indexation on the verb and in possessive constructions, interaction of the category of person with other categories such as number and moods, the issue of person hierarchies as reflected in the categories of clusivity and direct-inverse systems, and some topics in the pragmatics of person. The discussion includes some topics disregarded or less touched upon in other surveys of the category of person, such as a discussion of the person relationship to commands (imperative paradigms) or logophoricity. The main focus is on the morphology of person, and other aspects of personal reference are discussed with respect to how they are expressed or differentiated by morphological material. On the other hand, personal reference in grammar and lexicon show strong affinity, making it both difficult and unnecessary to separate independent personal pronouns from person affixes in a typological perspective. In this sense, person-related lexicon and inflectional morphology are treated together.

Morphology in Quechuan Languages

Quechuan is a family of closely related indigenous languages spoken in Argentina, Bolivia, Colombia, Ecuador, and Peru, in the central part of the Andean cordilleras, in what used to be the Empire of the Incas and adjacent areas. It is divided into two main branches, commonly denominated Quechua I and II, and comprises 15 or more spoken varieties and several extinct ones that can be considered separate languages, although an exact number cannot easily be established. Quechuan shares a long and intense contact history with the neighboring Aymaran languages, but a genealogical relationship between the two families has never been demonstrated, nor a relationship with any other language family in the area. Quechuan languages are mainly agglutinative. All grammatical categories are indicated by suffixes with very few exceptions. The order in which these suffixes occur within a word form is governed by rules and combinatory restrictions that can be rigid but not always explicable on a basis of scope and function. Portmanteau suffixes play a role in verbal inflection and in mutually interrelated domains of aspect and number in the Quechua I branch. In Quechuan verbal derivation affixes may be semantically polyvalent, depending on the combinations in which they occur, pragmatic considerations, the nature of the root to which they are attached, their position in the affix order, and so on. Verbal derivational affixes often combine with specific verbal roots to denote meanings that are not fully predictable on the basis of the meaning of the components. Other verbal affixes never occur in such combinations. Verbal morphology and nominal morphology tend to overlap in the domain of personal reference, where subject and possessor markers are largely similar. Otherwise, the two morphological domains are almost completely separate. Not only the morphological inventories but also the formal constraints underlying the structure of verbs and nouns differ. Nominal expressions feature an elaborate but relatively instable system of case markers, some of which appear to be of recent formation. Transposition from one class to another, nominalization in particular, is indicated morphologically and occupies a central place in Quechuan grammar, particularly in interaction with case. Finally, there is a class of Independent suffixes that can be attached to members of all word classes, including adverbial elements that cannot be classified as verbs or nominals. These suffixes play a role at the organizational level of larger syntactic units, such as clauses, nominal phrases, and sentences.