Forms of Intelligence: Co-species Care in More-than-human Worlds

The project consisted of a series of collaborative online workshops between eight people from Knowle West, Bristol, Kent, and Colombia over August and September 2020 with expertise in different forms of animal and plant intelligence. These people ranged in age from 18-80 and included community activists, artists, and researchers with specialisms in spiders and ants, trees, fungi, butterflies and local wildlife, soil, coral, gardening, bees, dogs, birds, robotics, wearables, performance and visual arts. The group came together on the project to share knowledge, create principles for collaborating well across species and to begin exploring what could be made that would benefit humans, animals, plants and environments in more connected ways. The cards were inspired by, amongst other things, tarot and Brian Eno’s Oblique Strategy cards, as well as other types of card games (such as Cards Against Humanity) and creative inspiration techniques from artistic and design practices.

Plant Philosophy and Interpretation: Making Sense of Contemporary Plant Intelligence Debates

Plant biologists widely accept plants demonstrate capacities for intelligence. However, they disagree over the interpretive, ethical and nomenclatural questions arising from these findings: how to frame the issue and how to signify the implications. Through the trope of ‘plant neurobiology’ describing plant root systems as analogous to animal brains and nervous systems, plant intelligence is mobilised to raise the status of plants. In doing so, however, plant neurobiology accepts an anthropocentric moral extensionist framework requiring plants to anthropomorphically meet animal standards to be deserving of moral respect. I argue this strategy is misguided because moral extensionism is an erroneous ontological foundation for ethics.

The Hearing Test: Evidence of a Vegetal Entity

The author's artistic experiment The Hearing Test focuses on detection of high frequency clicking sounds that are emitted by the tips of plants' roots. Scientists have claimed that plants' roots produce high frequency clicks between 20 and 300 kHz by bursting air bubbles. But while the phenomenon has been described, its cause remains unexplained. This lack of knowledge opens up possibilities for multiple interpretations and invites experimental approaches as well as speculation concerning plant intelligence, the role of species-specific hearing and sound as evidence. The article is an extended reflection on the experiment.

The Smart Plant

Plants have long been excluded from the conversation regarding intelligent functioning in living things. This mindset dates back to ancient times, when plants were assigned a low-functioning and unintelligent rung on the scala naturae. In comparison to animals, plants have evolved to respond to their environment with a modular body plan, which lacks a nervous system and ‘intelligent’ organ, such as a brain. Despite this, research has demonstrated that plants are able to sense their environment, transmit sensory information throughout the entire organism, and respond to this sensory information with appropriate physiological responses. Also, plants have been shown to demonstrate aspects of learning and memory -cognitive functions once thought to be restricted to ‘intelligent’ beings (i.e. animals). The argument against plant intelligence is largely semantic-based, and stems from the concept that the word ‘intelligence’ cannot be applied to organisms which lack organs responsible for intelligent functioning. To truly appreciate the intelligent functioning of plants, we must eliminate this semantic barrier through a re-evaluation of our conventional understanding of intelligence. Perhaps this would require us to view intelligence, not as a quality unique to animals, but as a biological property, which in varying degrees is present in all life forms.

Plant Portraits: Creative processes, communication and the search for new paradigms1

What can we learn from plants? Which forms of intelligence and knowledge can we discover by dedicating ourselves to understanding the life of a plant, its characteristics, interactions with the environment and cultural narratives? This article aims to bridge recent studies in plant intelligence, Semiotics and creative processes. Departing form the idea that the world arrived at a critical situation and the planet Earth cannot continue being exploited as an infinite source, we argue that it is necessary to promote transformations in our culture, abandoning the anthropocentric framework and looking for new perspectives. In this sense, connecting communication, art, science and education, the purpose of Plant Portraits is to create experiences and propitiate encounters that catalyse the awakening of an expanded and integrated consciousness.