A performance comparison between closed form and numerical optimization solutions for humanoid robot walking pattern generation

This article presents the modeling process of the lower part of a humanoid biped robot in terms of kinematic/dynamic states and the creation of a full dynamic simulation environment for a walking robot using MATLAB/Simulink. This article presents two different approaches for offline walking pattern generation: one relying on a closed-form solution of the linear inverted pendulum model (LIPM) mathematical model and another that considers numerical optimization as means of desired output trajectory following for a cart table state-space model. This article then investigates the possibility of introducing solution-dependent modifications to both approaches that could increase the reliability of basic walking pattern generation models in terms of smooth single support–double support phase transitioning and power consumption optimization. The algorithms were coded into offline walking pattern generators for NAO humanoid robot as a valid example and the two approaches were compared against each other in terms of stability, power consumption, and computational effort as well as against their basic unmodified counterparts.

Simulation and Experimental Walking Pattern Generation for Two Types of Degrees of Freedom Bipedal Locomotion Robot

Humanoids or bipedal robots are other kinds of robots that have legs. The balance of humanoids is the general problem in these types when the other in the support phase and the leg in the swing phase. In this work, the walking pattern generation is studied by MATLAB for two types of degrees of freedom, 10 and 17 degrees of freedom. Besides, the KHR-2HV simulation model is used to simulate the experimental results by Webots. Similarly, Arduino and LOBOT LSC microcontrollers are used to program the bipedal robot. After the several methods for programming the bipedal robot by Arduino microcontroller, LOBOT LSC-32 driver model is the better than PCA 96685 Driver-16 channel servo driver for programming the bipedal walking robot. The results showed that this driver confirms the faster response than the Arduino microcontroller in walking the bipedal robot. The walking pattern generation results showed that the step height for 17 degrees of freedom bipedal robot increases approximately (20%) than 10 degrees of freedom bipedal robot, which decreases the step period by about (7%). Also, the time interval of the double support phase for 17 degrees of freedom bipedal robot increases approximately (11%) with decreases step length approximately (33% on X-axis) and (16% on Z-axis).