Why Should We Implement a System of Endoscopic Retrograde Cholangiopancreatography Certification?

The endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (ERCP) procedure requires concentration while wearing a heavy radiation protective suit and taking the risk of radiation exposure and complications. In order to successfully perform an ERCP procedure, it is necessary to understand the target disease, as well as appropriate education and training, and a certain amount of experience in the procedure. The Korean Pancreatobiliary Association organized a promotion committee to implement the “ERCP Certification” system to maintain education and quality control of ERCP procedures. A blueprint was prepared.

Cadaver surgical training in Japan: its past, present, and ideal future perspectives

The framework for cadaver surgical training (CST) in Japan was established in 2012, based on the “Guidelines for Cadaver Dissection in Education and Research of Clinical Medicine” of the Japan Surgical Society (JSS) and the Japanese Association of Anatomists. Subsequently, the Ministry of Health, Labor and Welfare allocated funding from its budget for CST. By 2019, CST was being practiced in 33 medical schools and universities. Currently, the CST Promotion Committee of the JSS reviews each CST report submitted by medical schools and universities and provides guidance based on professional autonomy. This paper outlines the history of CST in Japan and presents a plan for its future. To sustain and oversee CST implementation, an operating organization, funded by stakeholders, such as government agencies, academic societies, and private companies, is needed.

The Hawaii Promotion Committee and the Appropriation of Surfing

The advent of digital newspapers is providing critical historical information for subjects like surfing that have traditionally had so few primary sources available to researchers. A review of newspapers from the early twentieth century reveals important new evidence that the Hawaii Promotion Committee (HPC) helped support the growth of surfing by coordinating a transpacific marketing campaign to highlight the sport for the sake of boosting tourism. However, because the HPC and the newspapers in which it published its weekly reports represented arms of the colonial powers, much of that new information must be understood in the broader context of how the local Caucasian or haole population used the newspapers to promote their own imperial vision of surfing while often ignoring or suppressing Native Hawaiian voices that represented a critical counternarrative. For their part, Native Hawaiians actively resisted the racist and pro-territorial propaganda by publishing their own newspapers and by directly competing against haole in and around the surf.