Trauma in Rural Areas

This chapter provides background on rural culture and the influence it has on the implementation of trauma-informed care. The cultural characteristics create additional obstacles to schools that are working to mitigate the adverse experiences that have debilitated many students. The poverty and drug use that families face has created a generation of children who struggle with chronic stress from the adverse childhood experiences that occur in their lives. This impedes all academic and many functional areas. Without appropriate education, teachers are often unable to reach students and misunderstand why students with multiple adverse experiences display behaviors. The authors share strategies to mitigate the impact of the adversities.

PREREQUISITES FOR THE PROFESSIONAL PROMOTION OF SOCIAL WORKERS IN THE LIGHT OF THE APPLICABLE LAW

The regulations on the entitlement to practice the profession of a social worker are set out in Art. 116 of the Act of March 12, 2004 on social assistance. When assessing qualifications for employment as a social worker, the key is to meet the requirement of appropriate education. Employment in local government social welfare units is regulated by the provisions of the Regulation of the Council of Ministers of May 15, 2018 on the remuneration of local government employees. A social worker has the opportunity to raise professional qualifications by participating in specialization in the profession of a social worker. In the process of social assistance reform, which seems to be going on, the important issue of professional development of social workers in the context of career advancement was overlooked. The Act on Social Assistance does not define any path to promotion. The regulation on remuneration of local government employees also does not regulate the possibility of professional promotion. The Act on Local Government Employees does not contain such regulations either.

Why Should We Implement a System of Endoscopic Retrograde Cholangiopancreatography Certification?

The endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (ERCP) procedure requires concentration while wearing a heavy radiation protective suit and taking the risk of radiation exposure and complications. In order to successfully perform an ERCP procedure, it is necessary to understand the target disease, as well as appropriate education and training, and a certain amount of experience in the procedure. The Korean Pancreatobiliary Association organized a promotion committee to implement the “ERCP Certification” system to maintain education and quality control of ERCP procedures. A blueprint was prepared.

The culture of research communication in neonatal intensive care units: key stakeholder perspectives

Objective To assess the perspectives of neonatologists, neonatal nurses, and parents on research-related education and communication practices in the neonatal intensive care unit (NICU). Study design Questionnaire circulated through interest groups and administered using the internet. Results 323 respondents responded to the survey. 52 were neonatologists, 188 were neonatal nurses, and 83 were parents of NICU graduates. Analysis was descriptive. Differences were noted between stakeholder groups with respect to whether current medications meet the needs of sick neonates, research as central to the mission of the NICU, availability of appropriate education/training for all members of the research team, and adequacy of information provided to parents before, during, and after a research study is completed. Conclusion Engagement of nurses and parents at all stages of NICU research is currently suboptimal; relevant good practices, including education, should be shared among neonatal units.

Saudi and Bahraini Mothers’ Experiences of Including Their Autistic Adolescent Sons in Education: A Capabilities Approach

Saudi Arabia and Bahrain have both signed the 2006 UN Convention on the Rights of Persons with Disabilities and have a number of acts and policies which support inclusive education for children with disabilities. However, achieving the goals of equitable education at all levels remains a challenge, especially for autistic children. This article reports on the experiences of mothers from Saudi Arabia and Bahrain in trying to find schools or autism centres for their autistic adolescent sons. The research is based on in‐depth interviews with 17 mothers, the majority of whom reported that educating their sons is challenging, and that the schools and centres are inadequate or expensive, with the result that a number of participants’ children had to stay at home to the detriment of the boys and their mothers’ wellbeing. The findings are interpreted using the capabilities approach, a normative, evaluative framework on questions of social justice and individual flourishing. A capability evaluation reveals that many mothers experience capability corrosion as a result of gender, cultural, and legal restrictions, as well as difficulties in accessing appropriate education, with respect to three central capabilities: bodily integrity, affiliation, and control over one’s environment.

Vietnamese university students' perspective on Peter Pan Syndrome

An increasing number of people, especially university students, are presenting Peter Pan Syndrome in society. Peter Pan Syndrome is a concept used to characterize the person who refuses to comply with the characteristics of the adult when reaching adulthood. The people with Peter Pan Syndrome are immature in emotion, behavior, and cognition. The main objective is to investigate the perception of Peter Pan Syndrome and the level of Peter Pan Syndrome among university students. Convenience sampling was used to collect data from 400 undergraduate students (186 males and 214 females) from three universities in Vietnam. Descriptive and inferential statistics were used to analyze the data. The results revealed that the manifestations of Peter Pan Syndrome in students in three dimensions of emotion, behavior, and cognition. This study contributes to the general discussion underway about the definition of Peter Pan Syndrome and the symptoms of Peter Pan Syndrome. Future research should carefully consider the potential effects of Peter Pan Syndrome among undergraduate students to assist families and educators in developing appropriate education and coping strategies.

Sociale inclusie en ASS in het voortgezet onderwijs: wat is er nodig?

Since the introduction of the Appropriate Education Act, attempts have been made to include pupils with special needs in mainstream secondary education, including pupils with autism. Statistics show that this was only partially successful. This may be partly explained by the fact that the main focus of the involved professionals (school principals, teachers) to date seems to have been mainly on the educational needs of these pupils and less on students’ sense of belonging, i.e. going to school with the feeling to be part of something, a group or community. The central question in this qualitative research is to what extent young people with autism within mainstream education experience this sense of belonging and what is needed for this. This has been investigated by means of literature research and focus groups with (former) students with autism. The first preliminary results show that students with autism indicate that they have little contact with their fellow students, which is complicated by a too busy environment (too many students, too few seats, too many stimuli). All this leads to overstimulation, fatigue, and can cause so much stress that it takes very little to completely skip school that day. In short, the most important recommendation is to create more calm and less crowded environments in schools. We conclude that social inclusion of pupils with autism in mainstream schools is essential for the success of the Appropriate Education Act but it does not come naturally: it requires active policies from schools. The project described in this article is part of a larger project in which we try to develop concrete recommendations for this purpose.

Dental Management in a Child Patient with Glucose-6-phosphate Dehydrogenase Deficiency : A Case Report

Glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PD) deficiency is an X-linked recessive disorder and is the most common enzyme deficiency worldwide. Although this disease is rare in Korea, its prevalence may increase due to an increase of multicultural families. Patients with this deficiency are prone to hemolytic anemia provoked by specific drugs commonly used or prescribed in pediatric dentistry. It is necessary for pediatric dentists to have accurate knowledge of a patient's medical history and to consult with a pediatric hematologist to avoid oxidative stress that can lead to hemolysis. The most effective treatment is prevention of exposure to factors that may trigger anemia. Appropriate education regarding risk factors is essential for patients diagnosed with this disease. This case report aimed to discuss the drugs and dental management methods that should be cautious in children with G6PD deficiency.

Parents’ Satisfaction of Tele-Rehabilitation for Children with Neurodevelopmental Disabilities During the Covid-19 Pandemic

Background: The use of remote rehabilitation in children was limited before the COVID-19 pandemic, due to culture, technology access, regulatory and reimbursement barriers.Methods: The study was conducted according to the STROBE (The Strengthening the Reporting of Observational Studies in Epidemiology) checklist in order to provide qualitative and quantitative data about experience of patients with disabilities and their caregivers during Phase 1 of the COVID-19 pandemic, and their level of satisfaction. An online survey was developed using Google Forms and sent via email. The outcome measures were rated using a 5-point Likert Scale. Two additional open-ended questions were used to collect qualitative data.Results: 128 out of 261 families responded to the survey: 80.5% of the caregivers reported they were satisfied with the remote rehabilitation. More than a half (53%) of the families reported a high level of satisfaction with the involvement they received in defining and sharing of rehabilitation goals. Conclusions: The implementation of telehealth during the COVID-19 lockdown has allowed us to gain more information about the potential of tele-rehabilitation, and resulted in an excellent satisfaction of caregivers. With appropriate education and consistent models of care, an increased use of telehealth may provide advances in remote patient care.Trial registration: Not applicable

This is our lane: talking with patients about racism

Racism has significantly impacted communities of color for centuries. The year 2020 is a reminder that racism is an ongoing public health crisis. Healthcare institutions have an important role in dismantling racism because of their ability to implement innovative solutions that advance diversity, address social determinants of health, and promote health equity. Healthcare professionals have the unique opportunity to support patients by discussing patients’ experiences of bias and racism. Asking about discrimination, however, can be difficult because of the sensitive nature of the topic and lack of appropriate education. This review highlights the importance of addressing patients’ experiences of racism, utilizing the frameworks of trauma-informed care, structural competency, provider bias, and intersectionality. Furthermore, this review provides ways to engage in meaningful dialogue around discrimination and includes important patient-centric resources.