Sirkumstansialisasi sebagai Piranti Representasi Inklusif Aktor Sosial dalam Pidato Politik (Sebuah Tinjauan Analisis Wacana Kritis Pidato Politik Hasan Rouhani)

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menyelidiki penggunaan sirkumstansialisasi dalam merepresentasikan secara inklusif aktor-aktor sosial yang terlibat dalam pidato politik Hassan Rouhani yang disampaikan di depan Sidang Umum Perserikatan Bangsa-Bangsa. Data diperoleh dari salah satu laman berita resmi Israel (www.timesofisrael.com) berupa 116 kalimat hasil transkripsi pidaro tersebut yang kemudian dianalisis menggunakan kerangka analisis aktor sosial Theo van Leeuwen. Kalimat-kalimat ini kemudian dielaborasi melalui teknik parafrase, yakni memodifikasinya secara struktural dengan tetap mempertahankan maknanya untuk mengungkap representasi inklusif aktor-aktor sosialnya. Hasilnya kemudian disajikan secara deskriptif. Pilihan linguistik Hassan Rouhani menekankan penggunaan preposisi sirkumstansial untuk melibatkan aktor-aktor sosial tertentu dalam pidato politiknya secara inklusif. Terdapat sembilan jenis preposisi yang digunakan Hassan Rouhani dalam pidatonya, yakni “against”, “among”, dan “for” untuk merepresentasikan peran pasif aktor-aktor sosial, preposisi “by”, “from”, dan “under” untuk menggambarkan peran aktif aktor-aktor sosial, preposisi “between” untuk menggambarkan peran yang berbeda dari aktor-aktor sosial (aktif dan pasif), preposisi “with” untuk menampilkan peran netral aktor-aktor sosial, dan preposisi “of” untuk memisahkan aktor-aktor social yang berperan aktif sebagai pelaku dan aktor-aktor social yang berperan pasif sebagai korban. Exerting van Leeuwen’s framework, this study aims at critically investigating the employment of circumstantialization in inclusively representing social actors involved in Hassan Rouhani’s political speech delivered in front of the General Assembly of the United Nations. Data were derived from one of Israel’s official websites (www.timesofisrael.com). Out of 116 sentences in the transcription of the speech, the relevant ones were selected to be analyzed using Theo van Leeuwen’s framework ‘Social Actor Analysis.’ These sentences were then elaborated through a paraphrase technique by structurally modifying them while maintaining their meaning to reveal social actors’ inclusive representation. The results were then presented descriptively. Hasan Rouhani’s linguistic choices accentuate the use of circumstantial prepositions to involve certain social actors in his political speech inclusively. Nine types of prepositions were employed in his speech. Hasan Rouhani used the preposition “against,” “among,” and “for” to represent the social actors in passive roles, the preposition “by,” “from,” and “under” to delineate the social actors in active roles, the preposition “between” to illustrate different roles of the social actors (active and passive) in social action, the preposition “with” to display the neutral role of the social actors, and the preposition “of” to indicate the active role or the passive role of the social actors.

Strategies of ideological polarisation in the online news media: A social actor analysis of Megawati Soekarnoputri

This article examines strategies of ideological polarisation in the discourse of the Indonesian online news media site, Kompas.com. Applying Van Leeuwen’s model of social actor analysis and van Dijk’s concept of the ideological square, the study focuses on the representation of Megawati Soekarnoputri, leader of the Indonesian Democratic Party of Struggle (PDI-P) as an icon of ideological contestation during the 2014 presidential election. Situated in the era of digital platform convergence, the analysis uncovers a pattern of strategically ambiguous representations of Megawati and her apparently transgressive actions and interactions. This practice entices readers to ‘read between the lines’ and activate their ideological repertoire to determine in-group and out-group members. It also enables Kompas.com to pursue commercial objectives and navigate journalistic constraints by obscuring explicitly ideological content. The implications are discussed in terms of the impact of online news media discourse upon democratic political engagement, and women’s political participation.

The men and women, guys and girls of the ‘manosphere’: A corpus-assisted discourse approach

This study investigates how the lemmas woman, girl, man and guy are used to discursively represent and construct gender identities in an anti-feminist forum on the discussion website Reddit. The lemmas were analysed using corpus-assisted social actor analysis and appraisal theory. Similarities and differences within three sub-communities of the TRP subreddit were considered: Men’s Rights (activists who believe that men are systemically disadvantaged in society), Men Going Their Own Way (who abstain from relationships with women), and Red Pill Theory (primarily pick-up artists). The corpus was characterised by bare assertions about gendered behaviour, although the masculine gender role was less well-defined than the feminine one. Women and girls were dehumanised and sexually objectified, negatively judged for morality and veracity, and constructed as desiring hostile behaviour from male social actors. Conversely, men were constructed as victims of female social actors and external institutions and, as a result, as unhappy and insecure.

Adopting an Actor Analysis Framework to a Complex Technology Innovation Project: A Case Study of an Electric Road System

An electric road system (ERS) is a transportation solution that provides electricity for fully electric vehicles while in motion. This solution might contribute to sustainable transportation by overcoming range anxiety problems that fully electric vehicles, especially heavy vehicles, have encountered due to battery technology limitations. However, large-scale ERS implementations are challenging, both technically and socially. An ERS is not only an engineering project, but also a complex technology innovation system composed of multiple subsystems and stakeholders, which requires an interdisciplinary means of aligning relations, problems, and solutions. In the policy analysis domain, researchers have developed actor analysis methods to support policy making processes. Actor analysis methods can provide an analytical reflection in solving complex multi-actor policy making challenges that ERSs are also facing. To uncover the complexity of multiple subsystems and stakeholders involved in an ERS, this paper applied a method to align system characteristics with the stakeholders’ perceptions to understand multi-stakeholder contexts in complex technology innovation projects. Desk research was first conducted to summarise ERS characteristics. Then, the dynamic actor network analysis method framework was adopted to establish an action, factor, goal (AFG) list, which was revised by independent researchers. Next, the AFG list was used to collect the perceptions of the ERS stakeholders, expressed as AFG selections and causal links through stakeholder interviews. The resulting AFG list was iterated through two rounds of interviews and then validated in a Swedish ERS case workshop. The results from this methodology showed that the actor analysis method can not only be applied to policy analysis domains, but can also be applied to technology innovation complex systems, using the electric road system as a case study, to help uncover the ERS complexity from the concerns of stakeholders and to secure a pathway towards sustainable technology implementation.