Development and validation of the interactive unit start-up procedure as a software tool in the implementation of the operator information support system at the NVNPP

This article is focused on the current issue of developing an operator information support system (OISS) for the Novovoronezh NPP II project. One of the main reasons to raise this topic is the MCR operator’s overload with data due to the greatly increased information flows related to the VVER-1200 Process I&C compared to the serially produced VVER-1000 power units. The other important reason, in the authors’ opinion, is the increased volume of existing procedures in hard copy due to the strengthened requirements for their registration and attempts to describe all possible failures and deviations in the programs and plant evolution sheet, which complicates the work on them. In the era of ubiquitous digitalization, the paper procedures can only distract the attention of the operator, who is overloaded with information even without that. The obvious solution is to create a system providing automatic collection and analysis of information. In addition, the functionality of the operator information support system allows the use of operating experience, thus minimizing the impact of the human factor. The lack of knowledge or experience could be especially challenging with procedures being applied infrequently, for example, for starting up and shutting down the unit. The authors consider the development and functionality of interactive procedures and applicable requirements for them. Particular attention is paid to the ergonomics of the workplace and the convenience of operating personnel working with an interactive procedure. Since the transition from the paper version of the programs can cause problems with reading the procedures and, ultimately, lead to the failure of the unit start-up time, the personnel of the operating station were directly involved in the development of the interactive programs. Based on the review results, conclusions were made about the correctness of the approaches in developing the interactive procedures and validated solutions to be disseminated for all routine operations.

An Image De-Noising Method Based on Intensity Histogram Equalization Technique for Image Enhancement

Image enhancement is a quantifying criterion for sharpening and enhancing image quality, where many techniques are empirical with interactive procedures to obtain précised results. The proposed Intensity Histogram Equalization (IHE) approach conquers the noise defects that has a preprocessor to remove noise and enhances image contrast, providing ways to improve the intensity of the image. The preprocessor has the mask production, enlightenment equalization and color normalization for efficient processing of the images which generates a binary image by labeling pixels, overcomes the non-uniform illumination of image and classifies color capacity, respectively. The distinct and discrete mapping function calculates the histogram values and improves the contrast of the image. The performance of IHE is based on noise removal ratio, reliability rate, false positive error measure, Max-Flow Computational Complexity Measure with NDRA and Variation HOD. As the outcome, the different levels of contrast have been significantly improved when evaluated against with the existing systems.

An Image De-Noising Method Based on Intensity Histogram Equalization Technique for Image Enhancement

Image enhancement is a quantifying criterion for sharpening and enhancing image quality, where many techniques are empirical with interactive procedures to obtain précised results. The proposed Intensity Histogram Equalization (IHE) approach conquers the noise defects that has a preprocessor to remove noise and enhances image contrast, providing ways to improve the intensity of the image. The preprocessor has the mask production, enlightenment equalization and color normalization for efficient processing of the images which generates a binary image by labeling pixels, overcomes the non-uniform illumination of image and classifies color capacity, respectively. The distinct and discrete mapping function calculates the histogram values and improves the contrast of the image. The performance of IHE is based on noise removal ratio, reliability rate, false positive error measure, Max-Flow Computational Complexity Measure with NDRA and Variation HOD. As the outcome, the different levels of contrast have been significantly improved when evaluated against with the existing systems.

Profesores de educación para la carrera (en Secundaria) y estándares de calidad: un enfoque interactivo

RESUMENEsta experiencia presenta los resultados parciales de un estudio llevado a cabo por el Centro Nacional para la Mejora de la Escuela (Utrecht, Holanda). En Holanda, la descentralización de las políticas educativas confiere mayor responsabilidad a los profesionales de la educación para asegurar la calidad en su contexto de trabajo. Durante dos años, se recogieron datos a través de una encuesta de ámbito nacional con profesores de educación para la carrera en escuelas de secundaria, para proponer estándares en relación a: las áreas fundamentales de intervención del profesor de educación para la carrera, las competencias necesarias para realizar las tareas pertinentes en cada una de estas áreas, indicadores de comportamiento en estas competencias. El objetivo principal era y es generar un proceso interactivo y auto-evaluativo sobre la calidad de las actividades de desarrollo de la carrera en la escuela, no imponer unos estándares que regulen la calidad o sirvan de herramienta para medirla. En esta contribución se describe el proceso seguido y sus resultados, con las áreas de intervención, tareas y competencias identificadas. Se hace énfasis en los procedimientos interactivos que han contribuido a que los profesores de educación para la carrera hagan suyos los estándares de calidad de las tareas que realizan. Se concluye con ejemplos de aplicación en el propio contexto de trabajo, y se apuntan líneas de acción futuras.ABSTRACTThis experience presents the partial results of a study conducted by the National Center for School Improvement (Utrecht, Netherlands). In the Netherlands, the decentralization of educational policy gives more responsibility to the education professionals to ensure quality in their work context. For two years, data were collected through a national survey to teachers with career education in secondary schools, to propose standards regarding to: the key areas of teacher education career, the skills required to perform the relevant tasks in each of these areas, performance indicators in these competitions. The main objective was and is to create an interactive process and self-evaluation on the quality of the development activities of the school career, not imposing standards governing the quality or serving as a tool to measure it. This contribution describes the process followed and the results with the intervention areas, tasks, and competences identified. Interactive procedures that have helped teachers to make career education quality standards in performing their tasks done are emphasized. Examples of application in the context of own work are given and future lines of action are targeted.

La mirada interactiva. De la gráfica de la interacción impresa a la edición de contenidos

Los medios digitales han sustituido progresivamente al papel como soporte de comunicación. Han hecho necesaria la existencia de dispositivos mecánicos para la lectura del los documentos que antes eran directamente manipulados por el lector. En el papel la disposición gráfica de textos e imágenes dependía de cada libro. La elección del tamaño, del formato y del color se hacía en función de la estructura de la obra. Sin embargo, en la era digital, la disposición gráfica depende del dispositivo que pone a disposición del lector los documentos. A pesar de sus ventajas evidentes para reordenar la información, han incorporado procedimientos interactivos de los medios impresos que guardaban relación con la habilidad del lector para mirar, leer y comprender la composición. Este trabajo analiza la pervivencia de los modelos gráficos de la interacción impresa en estos nuevos soportes.Digital media has gradually replaced paper as a medium of communication. These new media have need the existence of mechanical devices for reading documents that until now were directly manipulated by the reader. In printed paper graphical layout of text and images depended on each book. The choice of size, color and proportion was a consequence of the structure of the work. However, in digital age, graphic layout depends on the device that makes available documents to the reader. Despite its obvious advantages to reorder the information, have incorporated interactive procedures from print media that were relevant to the reader's ability to see, read and understand the whole layout. This paper analyzes the survival of graphical interaction models in these new media

An Interactive Procedure to Solve Multi-Objective Decision-Making Problem: An Improvment to STEM Method

Decisions in the real-world contexts are often made in the presence of multiple, conflicting, and incommensurate criteria. Multiobjective programming methods such as multiple objective linear programming (MOLP) are techniques used to solve such multiple-criteria decision-making (MCDM) problems. One of the first interactive procedures to solve MOLP is STEM method. In this paper we try to improve STEM method in a way that we search a point in reduced feasible region whose criterion vector is closest to positive ideal criterion vector and furthest to negative ideal criterion vector. Therefore the presented method tries to increase the rate of satisfactoriness of the obtained solution. Finally, a numerical example for illustration of the new method is given to clarify the main results developed in this paper.