Equivalent Faults under Launch-on-Shift (LOS) Tests with Equal Primary Input Vectors

A recent work showed that it is possible to transform a single-cycle test for stuck-at faults into a launch-on-shift (LOS) test that is guaranteed to detect the same stuck-at faults without any logic or fault simulation. The LOS test also detects transition faults. This was used for obtaining a compact LOS test set that detects both types of faults. In the scenario where LOS tests are used for both stuck-at and transition faults, this article observes that, under certain conditions, the detection of a stuck-at fault guarantees the detection of a corresponding transition fault. This implies that the two faults are equivalent under LOS tests. Equivalence can be used for reducing the set of target faults for test generation and test compaction. The article develops this notion of equivalence under LOS tests with equal primary input vectors and provides an efficient procedure for identifying it. It presents experimental results to demonstrate that such equivalences exist in benchmark circuits, and shows an unexpected effect on a test compaction procedure.

Campuran Fly Ash dan Petrasoil dalam Peningkatan Daya Dukung Tanah

As an effort to improve the subgrade, some construction projects use petrasoil material to increase the carrying capacity of the soil, for example in the construction of the "Improvement of the Tabarfane-Hokmar Soil Road (Chemical Petrasoil)” in Aru sub-district. Previous research on increasing the carrying capacity of the soil have been done using petrasoil, but the results indicated no soil carrying-capacity increase. On the contrary, another study successfully used fly ash on swamps to increase the soil carrying-capacity. Based on these two studies, the current research combined the two additives, namely, fly ash and petrasoil, to increase soil carrying-capacity and get an optimal additive composition. Some tests have been carried out, i.e. the index properties test, compaction test, and CBR test using AASHTO and ASTM standards. Fly ash mixtures were prepared in several composition percentages, i.e. 0%, 10%, 15%, 20%, while the mixture of petrasoil and water is 1 kg: 1000 liters. The results showed that there was an increase in soil bearing capacity based on the largest CBR value in the variation of mixed soil with petrasoil and fly ash by 20% which is equal to 19.7% of the CBR value of original soil without additives.

Quality Improvement on Properties of Concrete by using Lightweight Aggregates

This paper presents an investigation to make the study on workability and strength properties of concrete which is made by Lightweight Aggregates {i.e. Palm Oil Shell (POS) and Pumice Aggregate (PA)}as coarse aggregate. A series of tests conducted in lab containing Slump test, Compaction Factor test, Schmidt Hammer test and Compressive Strength test was led on concrete made by ordinary aggregate as normal weight sample and concrete formed by different ratios of POS and PA separately i.e. 10% to 50% of dry weight of coarse aggregate. All the specimens were underwater for 3, 7 and 28 days as curing stage. In this experimental study, an effort has been made to concentrate the properties of a lightweight concrete M30 using the lightweight aggregate (POS and PA) as a partial replacement to coarse aggregate. The test results indicate that with the increasing amounts of normal aggregates replaced by POS and PA, the slump test, compaction factor test and strength of the Lightweight Aggregate Concrete (LWAC) has reduced gradually. As water absorption of the LWAC has been increased step by step with the increasing amounts of aggregates replaced by POS and PA. Lastly, it is concluded that the use of POS has great future than compared to PA in the construction of structural lightweight concrete.