Time-Frequency Analysis of Kannada Phonetics

This paper presents phonetics of Kannada language and their classification based on time-frequency analysis. Each distinct sound of speech called phoneme is produced by changing the shape of the vocal tract tube. The resonances of the vocal tract tube called formant frequencies are responsible for producing different phonemes. It is observed that vowels (Swaragalu in Kannada) have clear formant structure and they are about 3 to 5 formant frequencies of significance below 5000 Hz. They are characterized by having high energy, maximum airflow and periodicity and are classified based on the location of formant frequencies. Consonants (Vyanjanagalu in Kannada) are classified based on voicing, place of articulation and manner of articulation. Time-frequency analysis reveals that there are totally 37 distinct phonemes in Kannada language.

Пучки аномально ускоренных электронов, эмитируемые плазмой вакуумного разряда с лазерным поджигом

It is shown experimentally that a low-power pinch vacuum discharge with laser ignition can emit a beam of abnormally accelerated electrons with maximum energies per unit charge, almost an order of magnitude higher than the voltage across the discharge gap. It is established that the intensity of the X-ray radiation generated by the action of the beam on the target significantly decreases with increasing laser pulse energy. Maximum energy of X-ray quanta is inversely proportional to the mass of the cathode material ablated by laser radiation when the discharge is ignited. Possible mechanisms of the electron beam generation process are discussed.

Energy analysis and conservation opportunities in spray dryers

Dryers are used for removal of moisture from an raw materials (such as effluent) to form a dried solids as per the requirements. For removal of the moisture, energy requirement is huge. Therefore, in this paper, methodology for heat recovery in one of the type of dryers as spray dryers is developed, which is simple and easy to apply. The proposed methodology is illustrated with the help of an example taken from literature. It is observed that the indirect heat recovery method could save energy maximum up to 82 % as compared to literature and 41 % higher than without heat recovery. Keywords: Spray dryer, pinch analysis, heat recovery, effluent drying, energy saving

Erosive rainfall in the Rio do Peixe Valley in Santa Catarina, Brazil: Part II - Characteristics and temporal distribution pattern

ABSTRACT Exploring the characteristics of erosive rain is an important aspect of studying erosive processes, and it allows researchers to create more natural and realistic hydrological simulations. The objective of this study was to analyse the characteristics of erosive rain and to determine the temporal distribution pattern of erosive rainfall in the Valley of Rio do Peixe in the state of Santa Catarina, Brazil. Daily pluviograms from the meteorological stations located in the cities Campos Novos, Videira, and Caçador in Santa Catarina from 1984 to 2014 were utilized for this study. By studying rainfall that is classified as erosive, the values of kinetic energy, maximum intensity in thirty minutes, and the value of EI30 erosivity index were determined. The rainfall was also classified according to the temporal distribution of rainfall in advanced, intermediate, and delayed patterns. Erosive rainfalls occur at a frequency of 53.3% advanced, 31.1% intermediate, and 15.6% delayed patterns. Erosive rainfall has an average precipitation amount of 25.5 mm, duration of 11.1 h, kinetic energy of 5.6 MJ ha-1, maximum intensity of 30 min of 17.7 mm h-1, and erosivity of 206.4 MJ mm ha-1 h-1. The highest frequency of erosive rainfall occurred in rainfalls lasting from 6 to 12 h (36.1%), followed by rainfalls lasting from 4 to 6 h (22.4%).

Evaluation of Energy Model Using Hypergeometry in Friction Stir Welding

Normal 0 false false false EN-US X-NONE X-NONE Friction-stir welding is a solid state welding. The aim of welding needs to be defect free which requires uniform distribution of weld bead. In this paper the parameters such as energy, maximum temperature and thermal conductivity involved during the Friction Stir Welding process is considered as numerical data and applied it over a Hyper Geometric Function and changes in Gamma values are studied. In Gauss hyper geometric function the thermal conductivity is taken as constant while the energy and maximum temperature developed is taken as numerical variables on the Gamma calculations. The model is applied to AA2024, AA7075 and AA6061. By Hyper Geometric investigation the uniformity of weld is found to be good for the taper tool geometry. /* Style Definitions */ table.MsoNormalTable {mso-style-name:"Table Normal"; mso-tstyle-rowband-size:0; mso-tstyle-colband-size:0; mso-style-noshow:yes; mso-style-priority:99; mso-style-qformat:yes; mso-style-parent:""; mso-padding-alt:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; mso-para-margin:0in; mso-para-margin-bottom:.0001pt; mso-pagination:widow-orphan; font-size:11.0pt; font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif"; mso-ascii-font-family:Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font:minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family:"Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font:minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family:Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font:minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family:"Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font:minor-bidi;}