Optimization and Security of Hazardous Waste Incineration Plants with the Use of a Heuristic Algorithm

The amount of generated waste, which increases every year, is a serious problem of the modern world. In particular, attention should be paid to hazardous waste and methods of its disposal. One of the most used in this context is thermal treatment in dedicated incinerators equipped with a rotary kiln. Conducting the process requires, inter alia, supplying the furnace with a batch of batch material with appropriate parameters. Improper operation in this regard may cause negative environmental effects and operational problems. The key here is to select different types of hazardous waste and compose batch portions. The paper presents an application that optimizes the work of waste incineration plant operators. At the same time, this tool can be described as ensuring security at this stage of the process. The application implements an ant colony algorithm that selects the optimal solution to the problem, which has been formulated here as the types and masses of the batch mixture components with given parameters. The application has been tested in the laboratory and real conditions with satisfactory results.

A ANALISIS KUALITAS PRODUK KERAMIK UNTUK MENINGKATKAN KUALITAS DENGAN METODE SIX SIGMA DAN KAIZEN DI PT. ROMAN CERAMIC INTERNATIONAL

ABSTRAK Persaingan industri manufaktur di Indonesia semakin ketat. Dengan adanya pengendalian kualitas yang baik kemudian dikaitkan dengan perbaikan berkelanjutan perlu dilakukan oleh banyak perusahaan agar dapat mendorong peningkatan pasar dan memenangkan persaingan. PT. Roman Ceramics International, merupakan perusahaan perintis dalam produksi keramik lantai di Indonesia. Perusahaan seringkali masih mendapati kejadian banyak Defect yang terjadi pada produk keramik lantai walaupun perusahaan telah melakukan usaha dalam meminimumkan jumlah Defect nya. Maka dari itu dilakukan penelitian yang bertujuan untuk mengurangi jumlah Defect dengan melakukan suatu perbaikan berkelanjutan menggunakan metode Six Sigma dan Kaizen. Berdasarkan data Defect akumulatif terbesar terjadi pada bulan April 2019 dengan jumlah produksi 421.422pcs kemudian jumlah Defect sebesar 20.521pcs dengan presentase Defect sebesar 18,50%. Dengan jenis Defect yang sering terjadi adalah Gupil. Berdasarkan analisa hasil yang didapatkan diketauhi bahwa dengan metode Six Sigma perusahaan mendapati hasil nilai rata-rata DPMO sebesar 10.670 yang berarti level sigma nya sebesar 3,803 atau sekelas dengan rata-rata industri Indonesia. Dari analisa hasil tersebut didapatkan hasil identifikasi akar penyebab terjadinya Defect dari jenis Defect terbesar yaitu Gupil menggunakan fishbone diagram berdasarkan 5 faktor yaitu faktor manusia, faktor lingkungan, faktor mesin, faktor metode dan faktor bahan baku. Berdasarkan fishbone diagram dapat diketauhi suatu usulan perbaikan dengan metode Kaizen yang direkomendasikan yaitu perusahaan memerlukan analisis keputusan untuk memilih supplier batch material maupun keramik lantai yang cacat dan masih memiliki kualitas baik. Kata kunci: Defect, Quality Control, Six Sigma, Kaizen

Experimental Measurement of Heat of Biodegradable Waste

This paper describes the experimental heating power measurement of biodegradable waste (BW). The goal of this paper is to describe the experimental measuring device and to present the results used in the “Vývoj technologické linky pro zpracování BRO pro přímé energetické využití Multiferm” project. The used measurement is based on controlled removal of heat energy produced by reacting batch material (BW) while maintaining optimal reaction temperature inside the material. These results helped to identify the processes inside the input batch material. Described experiment was sufficient to determine the produced heat power of the input material batch for the device design (project Multiferm). However tests will be repeated for various input material and various humidity for the academic research purposes. This can be performed on the measuring system which is fully functional after described two experiments.

Fine Particle Reinforced Composites Obtained by Suspension Method

In the production of composites by the suspension method (mechanical stirring) may beused, ceramic particles, which are wetted by the liquid metal such SiC, Al2O3or glassy carbon.However, to obtain a stable suspension with the use a particle size below 10 μm is extremelydifficult. Phenomena related i.a. with agglomeration of particles, convection currents over moltenmetal surface make practically impossible to obtain composite material. One possibility to obtainfine reinforced composite is the use of in situ methods, in which the reinforcing phase is formed bythe reaction between the aluminum and the reactive powder oxides such FeO, TiO2, SiO2, NiO, Nb2O5or Fe2O3. Such reactions are exothermic (aluminothermic) and their kinetics dependent onthe dispersion of the reactants, the quantitative phase composition and temperature.The technological solution involving the formation of a suspension with particles (chemically activewith aluminum) is one of the promising solutions to obtain batch material for the synthesis ofcomposites reinforced with Al2O3and intermetallic phases. The aim of this study is to evaluate thesuitability of suspension technology to obtained in situ fine reinforced composite.

Effect of Iron Addition to Aluminium on the Structure and Properties of Wires Used for Electrical Purposes

Eight hypoeutectic aluminium alloys with iron content within the range of 0.07-1.09% by weight, were examined. The structure, the mechanical and electrical properties of wires used for electrical purposes were studied. The batch material for the drawing process was wire rod obtained from the continuous casting and rolling line by Continuus-Properzi method. It has shown a linear relationship between mechanical properties of wire rod, a higher plasticity of wire after drawing process and an increase in thermal resistance of the material with increasing iron content. The findings enable to draw conclusions of basic and application characteristics, pointing to the possibility of using aluminium with higher iron content in the wire drawing process of small diameter and microwires for the production of automotive bundles, accumulator cables and winding wires.