The Mode of Intentionality of the Russian Language Personality through the Prism of Associative Grammar

The article states that the mode of intentionality, being a socio-cultural phenomenon, manifests itself in the language personality in the form of its socio-communicative attitudes. In comparison with subconscious sets of the “general cultural script” which motivate and support the functioning of a socio-cultural system as a whole, the sociocommunicative attitudes of the language personality are much more flexible, susceptible to multiple changes in the social network of communication. The socio-communicative attitudes of the language personality are studied with the units of analysis that can be called semantic accentuations embodied in the multiplicity and multidimensionality of links in the human associative-verbal network (AVN). Yu. N. Karaulov’s ideas about the complementarity of word-changing, word-forming and semantic variability in the AVN of the Russian language personality (RLP) are developed and tested in the article on new materials in connection with the multiplicity of ways of concentrating meaning. Using the latest experimental materials of the associative-verbal database SIBAS 1 (2007–2013) and SIBAS 2 (2014– 2021), the author puts to the test different techniques of vector analysis, both on the entire array of associates and within individual associative fields (AFs). These techniques include: an automatic generation (extraction from the entire array of associates) of the AFs of the studied word-forming units; a comparative psychoglossic analysis of the current diachronic dynamics of the AFs of the selected stimuli; constructing vectors of lexico-grammatical variation of the reactions in these AFs against the background of their semantic vectors; extracting particular word-changing and word-forming paradigms from the entire array of associates with a subsequent analysis of their contribution to the concentration of meanings, etc. Such methods show different entrances to the AVN for access to the same points of concentration of meaning and help to assess the contribution of the dissipated throughout the network associative grammar to the formation of semantic accentuations of the RLP. Hypothetically, it seems possible to imagine the construction of the fluctuation dynamics of an associative-verbal hypernetwork (AVHN) of the RLP on the combination of accentuation vectors of its subsystems (networks of word-changing, word-forming or semantic variability) in the current diachrony and historical retrospective.

Approach of Serial Crystallography II

Serial crystallography (SX) is an emerging X-ray crystallographic method for determining macromolecule structures. It can address concerns regarding the limitations of data collected by conventional crystallography techniques, which require cryogenic-temperature environments and allow crystals to accumulate radiation damage. Time-resolved SX studies using the pump-probe methodology provide useful information for understanding macromolecular mechanisms and structure fluctuation dynamics. This Special Issue deals with the serial crystallography approach using an X-ray free electron laser (XFEL) and synchrotron X-ray source, and reviews recent SX research involving synchrotron use. These reports provide insights into future serial crystallography research trends and approaches.

The nanomorphology of cell surfaces of adhered osteoblasts

The functionality of living cells is inherently linked to subunits with dimensions ranging from several micrometers down to the nanometer scale. The cell surface plays a particularly important role. Electric signaling, including information processing, takes place at the membrane, as well as adhesion and contact. For osteoblasts, adhesion and spreading are crucial processes with regard to bone implants. Here we present a comprehensive characterization of the 3D nanomorphology of living, as well as fixed, osteoblastic cells using scanning ion conductance microscopy (SICM), which is a nanoprobing method that largely avoids mechanical perturbations. Dynamic ruffles are observed, manifesting themselves in characteristic membrane protrusions. They contribute to the overall surface corrugation, which we systematically study by introducing the relative 3D excess area as a function of the projected adhesion area. A clear anticorrelation between the two parameters is found upon analysis of ca. 40 different cells on glass and on amine-covered surfaces. At the rim of lamellipodia, characteristic edge heights between 100 and 300 nm are observed. Power spectral densities of membrane fluctuations show frequency-dependent decay exponents with absolute values greater than 2 on living osteoblasts. We discuss the capability of apical membrane features and fluctuation dynamics in aiding the assessment of adhesion and migration properties on a single-cell basis.